Transcription of 2019 Alabama Course of Study: Mathematics
1 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics For information regarding the Alabama Course of study : Career and Technical Education and other curriculum materials, contact the Instructional Services Division, Alabama State Department of Education, 3345 Gordon Persons Building, 50 North Ripley Street, Montgomery, Alabama 36104; or by mail to Box 302101, Montgomery, Alabama 36130-2101; or by telephone at (334) 694-4768. Alabama State Department of Education Eric G. Mackey, State Superintendent of Education The Alabama State Board of Education and the Alabama State Department of Education do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, disability, sex, religion, national origin, or age in their programs, activities, or employment and provide equal access to the Boy Scouts and other designated youth groups.
2 The following person is responsible for handling inquiries regarding the non-discrimination policies: Title IX Coordinator, Alabama State Department of Education, Box 302101, Montgomery, AL 36130-2101, telephone (334) 694-4717.. 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics iii 2019 Alabama Course of study Mathematics Eric G. Mackey State Superintendent of Education 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics iv STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF EDUCATION S MESSAGE Dear Educator: Society and the workplace require that all Alabama students receive a solid foundation of knowledge , skills, and understanding in Mathematics .
3 Alabama educators must focus on the teaching of Mathematics in ways that enable students to expand professional opportunities, understand and critique the world, and experience the joy, wonder, and beauty of Mathematics . To address this goal, the content of the 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics sets high standards for all students and reflects changes designed to better meet the needs of students and teachers in the State of Alabama . The 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics , was developed by educators and business and community leaders to provide a foundation for building quality Mathematics programs across the state.
4 Implementing the content of this document through appropriate instruction will enable all Alabama students to be mathematically well-prepared graduates. Eric G. Mackey State Superintendent of Education MEMBERS of the Alabama STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION Governor Kay Ivey President of the State Board of Education District I. Jackie Zeigler President Pro Tem II. Tracie West III. Stephanie W. Bell IV. Yvette Richardson, . V. Ella B. Bell VI. Cynthia Sanders McCarty, . VII. Jeffery Newman Vice President VIII. Wayne Reynolds.
5 State Superintendent Eric G. Mackey Secretary and Executive Officer 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics v 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics Table of Contents PREFACE .. viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. ix GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ..2 POSITION STATEMENTS ..5 STUDENT MATHEMATICAL PRACTICES .. 10 DIRECTIONS FOR INTERPRETING THE content STANDARDS FOR GRADES 14 DIRECTIONS FOR INTERPRETING THE content STANDARDS FOR HIGH SCHOOL .. 15 GRADES K-8 MINIMUM REQUIRED content GRADES K-2 17 KINDERGARTEN .. 18 GRADE 1 .. 23 GRADE 2 .. 30 GRADES 3-5 OVERVIEW.
6 36 GRADE 3 .. 37 GRADE 4 .. 43 GRADE 5 .. 50 GRADES 6-8 OVERVIEW .. 57 GRADE 6 .. 60 GRADE 7 .. 67 GRADE 8 .. 74 GRADE 7 ACCELERATED AND GRADE 8 ACCELERATED OVERVIEW .. 81 GRADE 7 ACCELERATED .. 83 GRADE 8 ACCELERATED .. 92 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics vi GRADES 9-12 content GRADES 9-12 OVERVIEW .. 104 PATHWAYS TO STUDENT SUCCESS .. 104 GEOMETRY WITH DATA ANALYSIS BEFORE ALGEBRA I WITH PROBABILITY .. 105 SUPPORT FOR STRUGGLING STUDENTS .. 105 SUPPORT FOR PARTICULARLY MOTIVATED AND INTERESTED 106 SPECIALIZED Mathematics COURSES .. 106 EXTENDED COURSES.
7 107 EXAMPLES OF PATHWAYS .. 108 ORGANIZATION OF STANDARDS .. 109 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS .. 111 GEOMETRY WITH DATA ANALYSIS .. 117 ALGEBRA I WITH PROBABILITY .. 127 ALGEBRA II WITH STATISTICS .. 138 MATHEMATICAL MODELING .. 149 APPLICATIONS OF FINITE Mathematics .. 156 PRECALCULUS .. 163 APPENDIX A. Mathematics TEACHING PRACTICES: SUPPORTING EQUITABLE Mathematics TEACHING .. 172 APPENDIX B. 2019 Alabama Course OF study PATHWAYS .. 175 CHART 1: PATHWAYS THROUGH K-12 Mathematics .. 177 CHART 2: PATHWAYS THROUGH K-12 Mathematics TO POSTSECONDARY .. 178 OPTIONS FOR Mathematics CREDIT AFTER ALGEBRA II WITH STATISTICS.
8 179 APPENDIX C. RESOURCES .. 180 APPENDIX D. RESOURCES FOR GRADES 183 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics vii APPENDIX E. POSSIBLE PATHWAYS FOR STUDENTS COMPLETING GRADE 8 Mathematics .. 187 POSSIBLE PATHWAYS FOR STUDENTS COMPLETING GRADE 8 ACCELERATED Mathematics .. 188 THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING CYCLE AND STATISTICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING CYCLE .. 189 APPENDIX F. Alabama HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION 192 APPENDIX G. GUIDELINES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR LOCAL TIME REQUIREMENTS AND HOMEWORK .. 194 BIBLIOGRAPHY .. 197 GLOSSARY .. 198 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics viii 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics PREFACE The 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics provides the framework for the Grades K-12 Mathematics program in Alabama s public schools.
9 content standards in this document are minimum and required (Code of Alabama , 1975, 16-35-4). They are fundamental and specific, but not exhaustive. In developing local curriculum, school systems may include additional content standards to reflect local philosophies and add implementation guidelines, resources, and activities which are beyond the scope of this document. The 2019 Alabama Mathematics Course of study Committee and Task Force conducted exhaustive research during the development of this Course of study , analyzing Mathematics standards and curricula from other states, the 2016 Revised Alabama Course of study : Mathematics , national reports and recommendations on K-12 Mathematics education, the latest NAEP Frameworks, and numerous articles in professional journals and magazines.
10 Many members attended state, regional, and national conventions to update their knowledge of current trends and issues in Mathematics education. The Committee and Task Force also listened to and read statements from interested individuals and groups throughout the state, and thoroughly discussed issues among themselves and with colleagues. The Committee and Task Force reached consensus and developed what members believe to be the best Grades K-12 Mathematics Course of study for students in Alabama s public schools. 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics ix 2019 Alabama Course of study : Mathematics ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This document was developed by the 2019 Alabama Mathematics Course of study Committee and Task Force, composed of early childhood, intermediate school, middle school, high school, and college educators appointed by the Alabama State Board of Education and business and professional persons appointed by the Governor (Code of Alabama , 1975, 16-35-1).
