ACI 318-14: The Building of a New Structural …

1 318-14: The Building of a New Structural concrete of Presentation A brief history of ACI 318 The rationale for reorganization How 318-14is organized and was built 318-14 style Available Founded in 1904 HQ in Farmington Hills, Michigan, Conc. CodeFebruary 191014 : Life of Hammurabi(Circa 1772 ) If a builder builds a house for someone, and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then the builder shall be put to death. If the owner's son dies, then the builder's son shall be put to death. of e du of ACI Committee 318 shalt reorganize the code in 2014 .. # 1910 first code published: Standard Building Regulations for the Use of Reinforced concrete Structural provisions assumed a working stress limit through 1956 Ultimate Strength approach firmly established in 1971 edition. ACI 318 organization based on behavior of cast-in-place reinforced changes (since 1971) Development lengths Torsional strength Seismic design and detailing Integrity reinforcement concrete exposure classes Strain-based strength reduction factors Anchoring to 1971 code had 750 provisions 2011 code has more than 2,500 provisionsACI 318-11compared to ACI 318 CommitteeACI 318 ChairContractorMaterials EngineerStructural EngineerUniversity ResearcherBuilding In 2003, committee 318 began discussion on code organization In 2006, ACI surveyed users about experience using 318 ACI 318-14 Reorganization of RespondentsQuestion: How do you use the code ?

2 E-Survey feedback: Engineers want all related information for a member s design and detailing easily located Engineers want the code to be more closely related to how they design membersACI 318-14 Reorganization Organization Since 1971 Chapters 7 12 are central to organization Analysis Serviceability (Deflections, Crack Control, etc.) Strength (Flexure, Shear, etc.) Related Reinforcement 318-11 Organization Anchorage, Ch. 12 Flexure, Ch. 10 Shear, Ch. 11 Deflection, Ch. (since 1971) Specialty Chapters Two-way Slabs (Ch 13) Footings (Ch 15) Precast (Ch 16) Prestressed(Ch 18) Seismic (Ch 21) to find a tool? 318-14 Reorganization Process 2003: committee began discussion 2006: surveyed users, held focus groups / workshops Engineers want all related information for a member s design and detailing easily located Engineers want the code to be configured parallel to how they design members 2007: outline developed 2008: committee approved goals of reorganizing 318 Find the information you need quickly Increase certainty that a design fully meets the code Organize the Garage!

3 So the reorganization to find a tool? beginning of a end of a does 318-14look like?ONE-WAY SLABSSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMSCOLUMNSDIAPHRAGMSFOUNDATIONSPLAIN concrete 318 14 code StructureGeneralAnalysisMember DesignJoints, Connections, and Anchoring to ConcreteMaterial Properties for Design Seismic DesignStrength and ServiceabilityGeneral Reinforcement Details Construction RequirementsExisting and Terminology3 Referenced Standards4 Structural Systems5 Loadsand Load AnalysisAnalysis6 Structural Analysis7 One Way SlabsMember Design8 Two Way Slabs9 Beams10 Columns11 Walls12 Diaphragms & Collectors13 Foundations14 Plain concrete Members318 code Column and Slab Column JointsJoints,Connections, and Anchoring to Concrete16 Connections between Members17 Anchoring to Concrete18 Earthquake Resistant StructuresSeismic Design19 concrete Properties and DurabilityMaterialProperties for Design and Durability20 Steel Reinforcement Properties and Durability318 code code ContentsChapterTitleSection21 Strength Reduction FactorsStrength and Serviceability22 Sectional Strength23 Strut and Tie Method24 Serviceability25 Reinforcement Development, Splices, and DetailsGeneral Reinforcement Details26 Construction Documents and InspectionConstructionRequirements27 Strength Evaluation of Existing StructuresExisting 318-14 Organization General Systems Members Joints and Connections Toolbox #ConcreteCodeGeneral Chapters Scope, Application.

4 And Principles of interpretation Notation and Terminology Referenced Standards35 ACI 318-14 #ConcreteCodeSystems Chapter36 ACI 318-14 # Design Structural system and load Structural ServiceabilityChapter 4 Structural System Requirements37 ACI 318-14 # Structural Fire Requirements for specific types of Quality assurance, construction, and Strength evaluation of existing structuresChapter 4 Structural System Requirements38 ACI 318-14 #ConcreteCode LDP permitted to specify sustainability requirements in addition to strength, serviceability, and durability requirements Strength, serviceability, and durability requirements take precedence over sustainability Sustainability39 ACI 318-14 318-14 OrganizationSystem Chapters Structural Systems (new) Chapter 4 Loads and Load Combinations Structural Analysis Earthquake Resistant 318-14 Organization General Systems Members Joints and Connections Toolbox 318-14 OrganizationMembers Chapters One-Way Slabs Two-Way Slabs Beams Columns Walls Diaphragms (new) Foundations Plain concrete , min, As, maxACI 318-14 OrganizationExample: Chapter 10 Design Required Design Reinforcement Reinforcement Detailing : Chapter 10 Design Required Design Reinforcement Reinforcement Detailing Chapter 9 Design Required Detailing ACI 318-Organization Anchorage,Flexure, Shear, Deflection, Ch.

5 9Ch. 11Ch. 10Ch. 12Ch. 9Ch. 9Ch. 9Ch. and Collectors (Chapter 12)diaphragmtransfer slab/diaphragminclinedcolumnbelow grade soil pressurein-planeinertial loadsout-of-plane wind pressure or inertial loadsshear transfer in assumptions wall maxLateral forceLateral force resisting wall at each endAny set of reasonable and consistent assumptions are permitted.(Most diaphragms can be modeled as rigid in their plane.) components (chords)vuVu(a) PlanMV(b) Simple beam idealizationMuVucompression chordtension chordwalldiaphragm(c) Internal moment and shear resistanceMuCuTud3. Diaphragm (drags, struts)(b) Collector actions(a) Planabcdcollector same width as wallcollector spread into slabCu,maxTu,maxvuabcd3. Diaphragm 318-14 Organization General Systems Members Joints and Connections Toolbox 318-14 OrganizationJoints / Connections Beam-column and slab-column joints Connections between members Anchoring to 318-14 Organization General Systems Members Joints and Connections Toolbox Chapters Strength Reduction Factors Sectional Strength Strut-and-Tie Serviceability Reinforcement DetailsACI 318-14 OrganizationMember Design strength If Pu< cAg, Mnshall be calculated in accordance with If Pu cAg, Mnshall be calculated in accordance with Toolbox Moment Axial strength or combined moment and axial 318-14 Organization General Systems Members Joints and Connections Toolbox 318-14 OrganizationChapter 26 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS AND INSPECTION 318 is written to the engineer, not the contractor.

6 Construction requirements must be communicated on the construction documents. In 318-11, construction requirements are often located with the design requirement. In 318-14, all construction requirements are gathered together in Chapter Construction jointsAll construction joints in Structural walls shall conform to and contact surfaces shall be roughened as in Construction joints shall be so made and located as not to impair the strength of the structure. Provision shall be made for transfer of shear and other forces through construction joints. See When concrete is placed against previously hardened concrete , the interface for shear transfer shall be clean and free of laitance. If is assumed equal to , interface shall be roughened to a full amplitude of approximately 1/4 Joints in Design information:(a) Locations and details of construction, isolation and contraction joints if required by the design.

7 (b) Provisions required for transfer of shear and other forces through construction joints.(c) Surface preparation requirements including intentional Center-to-center spacing of pretensioningtendons at each end of a member shall be not less than 4dbfor strands, or 5dbfor wire, except that if specified compressive strength of concrete at time of initial prestress, fci , is 4000 psi or more, minimum center-to-center spacing of strands shall be 1-3/4 in. for strands of 1/2 in. nominal diameter or smaller and 2 in. for strands of in. nominal diameter. See also 318-14 StyleSame requirements in a tableTable Minimum center-to-center spacing of pretensioned strands at ends of membersf ci, psiNominal strand s< 4000 All4db(a) 4000 in.(b) in. 2 in.(c) All provisions of this code not specifically excluded, and not in conflict with provisions of Chapter 18, shall apply to prestressed The following provisions of this code shall not apply to prestressed concrete , except as specifically noted:as noted in , , , , , , , , , and ; Chapter 13.

8 And , and , except that certain sections of , apply Chapter 18 Prestressed 318-14 Style Reinforcement limits Minimum flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams Minimum flexural reinforcement in prestressed beams Reinforcement detailing Flexural reinforcement in nonprestressed beams Flexural reinforcement in prestressed Changes in ACI 318-14 Diaphragms Columns of special moment frames Beam-column joints of special moment frames Special Structural wallsing Off The Pressesnefits of ACI 318-14 Organized from a designer s perspectiveEasier to find specific requirementsIntuitive location of informationReduced cross referencesnefits of ACI 318-14 Tables improve speed of understandingConsistent language in textSingle idea for each requirement I 318-14ariety of formats, including: Printed copyEnhanced PDF EPUB, MOBI unitsSI unitsnsition KeysWhere did that provision go/come from?

9 ACI 318-11 ACI 318-14 Free PDF from ACI StoreI Design Handbook15 chaptersExplanatory textDesign aids-14 Resource Centeruclean Effort:150,000 man-hours70 man-yearsOver $14 million in volunteer timeQuestions?