AgriScience - Pearson Education

1 AgriScienceSixth EditionTeacher s ManualJASPER S. LEEA gricultural EducatorClarkesville, GeorgiaDIANA L. TURNERS cience EducatorStarkville, MississippiFront cover:background, courtesy of Anne Kitzman; watermelons, courtesy of Apostolos Mastoris; lab,courtesy of Danil Vitalevich; vet, courtesy of Eugene cover:conveyer belt with olives, courtesy of Pi-Lens; chipmunk, courtesy of Tom Reichner; scientificresearcher, courtesy of Stuart from: AgriScience , Fifth Edition Teacher s Manualby Jasper S. LeeCopyright 2010 by Pearson Education , by Prentice HallUpper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Copyright 2015 by Pearson Learning SolutionsAll rights copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilationitself.

2 It does not cover the individual selections herein that first appeared elsewhere. Permission to reprintthese has been obtained by Pearson Learning Solutions for this edition only. Further reproduction by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage orretrieval system, must be arranged with the individual copyright holders trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of theirrespective owners and are used herein for identification purposes Learning Solutions, 501 Boylston Street, Suite 900, Boston, MA 02116A Pearson Education in the United States of America12345678910 XXXX 19 18 17 16 15 14000200010271821480 RPISBN 10: 1-269-54316-4 ISBN 13.

3 978-1-269-54316-3 CONTENTSTo the of Student ONE THE WORLD OF AGRISCIENCE1 Science and Technology in 172 The Agricultural 203 Success and Safety in 24 PART TWO SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE4 Science 285 Living 316 Classifying and Naming Living 347 Genetics Applications in 378 Biotechnology in 39 PART THREE PLANT AND SOIL SCIENCE9 Plant Structure and 4410 Reproducing 4711 Plant 5012 Plant 5313 Soil and Land 5714 Plant 613 PART FOUR ANIMAL SCIENCE15 Animal 6616 Animal Nutrition and 7017 Animal Breeds and Breeding 7418 Promoting Animal 7719 Animal Care and 84 PART FIVE NATURAL RESOURCES AND EARTH SCIENCE21 Natural Resources and the 8822 Earth 92 PART SIX PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY23 Chemistry in 9524 Physics in 9925 Mechanics in 102 PART SEVEN CONSUMERS AND PRODUCTS26 Agricultural Economics: Management and 10627 Processing Agricultural 110 PART EIGHT AgriScience Education AND YOU28 Education and Experience in 11429 Student 11630 Leadership 1194TO THE TEACHERAgriScienceisoften considered to bethe nation s leading teaching and learningapproach for science-based agricultural Education .

4 The first five editions have filledprominent roles throughout the nation in grades 9 and 10. Now, the Sixth Edition willincreasingly servea majorrole in those classes with high expectations for student mas-tery. The new edition offers expanded and updated content based on local schoolcourses of study, state Education agency curriculum guides and standards, and thenational standards. It will serve to develop a strong foundation for student success inmore-advanced high school agriculture classes and postsecondary agriculture Sixth Edition ofAgriScienceintegrates and promotes achievement of theNational Agriculture, Food, and Natural Resources (AFNR) Career Cluster Content Stan-dards, released in complete form in 2009 by the National Council for Agricultural Educa-tion ( ).

5 The authors carefully considered thestandards and structured content to promote correlation with the standards. No doubt,the use ofAgriScience,Sixth Edition,will assure extensive student development of thestandards, particularly those in Level AFNR Career Cluster Content Standards are organized around the eight careerpathways within the AFNR cluster. The pathways are (1) Agribusiness Systems, (2) Ani-mal Systems, (3) Biotechnology Systems, (4) Environmental Service Systems, (5) FoodProducts and Processing Systems, (6) Natural Resource Systems, (7) Plant Systems,and (8) Power, Structural, and Technical Systems. These pathways are briefly listed anddescribed in the textbook. The terminology has been changed to simplify concepts andmake it easier to understand the changes make this edition better?

6 Many content changes have been made inAgriScience,Sixth Edition. Several areas of existing content have been reorganized tobetter serve needs in teaching and learning. New chapters have been added to bettercover the essential chapters focus on veterinary science, plant production,and book now has 30 chapters. Overall, the changes focus on the fol-lowing: New approaches inbiotechnology are included. These focus on genetically modi-fied organisms, including stacking of genetic traits. A chapter has been added onveterinary science. The goal is to better acquaint stu-dents with the high interest area of animal care. Practices in veterinary medicinefrom the standpoint of a veterinary assistant are introduced. Increased emphasis has been given to the role of research and development inAFNR.

7 The content onconsumers and agricultural economicshas been expanded. Information ongenetics has been expanded to incorporate molecular approaches. Increased emphasis has been included on the role of computer technology inAFNR. New sections have been added onforestry and wildlife New sections on water systems and internal combustion engine maintenance havebeen added to the chapter on agricultural mechanics. Additional content has been included on practices in field crop production. The content onplant growth structures, particularly greenhouses, has beenexpanded. Many new illustrations have been added. The emphasis is on illustrations that havehigh appeal to students. Further, these illustrations are intended to promote theexpanding diversity of human population in the United States.

8 Emphasis on safety and safe practices continues, including the operation of motorvehicles that transport plant and animal on science principles in agricultural Education has markedly changed thecurriculum. Standards developed in many states to guide local programs speak to thisscience emphasis. The instruction focuses on the principles of science that provide afoundation in plant and animal production. Further, this applies to horticulture, forestry,natural resources, wildlife, environmental science, agricultural supplies and services, andproducts and processing. Instruction in agriculture entails using a science-basedapproach. The approach not only results in quality agricultural Education but also moti-vates ,Sixth Edition, is a textbook that stresses the fundamentals of book is intended to be a teacher- and student-friendly text.

9 It is supplemented with aTeacher s Manual, an Activity Manual, an Instructor s Guide to the Activity Manual, andother materials, such as a computer-based test bank and PowerPoint presentations tofacilitate teaching and with the First Edition, this textbook has involved getting student and teacherinput, using research findings and industry information, and field-testing were made in agriculture classrooms throughout the United States. Stan-dardized testing in agriculture was used to associate high student test score results withcharacteristics of the learning environment. Students in classes where textbooks wereused scored 12 to 13 percent higher than students in classes where textbooks were content and procedures advocated inAgriSciencehave been tested in agricul-ture and science instructional programs.

10 Further, the content contains many of the sci-ence concepts that are required so that AgriScience classes can be used as laboratoryscience classes in the high school curriculum. No AgriScience book can better fulfill thisneed thanAgriScience,Sixth Teacher s Manual forAgriScience,Sixth Edition,is designed to help the teacherprovide instruction in the science and technology of agriculture. National and state stan-dards have been integrated, as appropriate, in preparing this edition. Emphasis is onusing a systematic approach to science-based instruction in agriculture. The manualincludes an overview of the contents of the book, as well as suggestions for teachers inproviding the instruction. Suggested teaching strategies include the use of motivationalapproaches and the application of the content in supervised experience preparation of agriculture teachers has increasingly focused on thestrategies and learning theories suggested in the Teacher s newlyreleased bookFoundations of Agricultural Education ( Pearson Education , Inc.)