BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 3 – Part 1 SI

1 BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 3 Part 1 SI 1 1. A _____ is the basic structure of life. 2. The gelatinous inside of the cell is called the _____. 3. Name the structure that increases the cell s surface area? _____ 4. Name the structure that moves materials across the cell s surface. _____ 5. Name the structures that give support to the cell and move structures within the cell. _____ 6. The plasma membrane is described as a _____ model because it moves and has many structures floating in it. 7. Name some functions of cell proteins.

2 _____ _____ 8. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of _____ concentration to an area of _____ concentration. (high or low) In diffusion, movement is _____. (active or passive) 9. Osmosis is a special type of diffusion in which the molecule that moves is _____ . In osmosis, movement is _____. (active or passive) 10. Diffusing molecules (including water) move across a membrane that is _____ (impermeable; freely permeable; selectively permeable) 11. Compare concentration of solute (and water) in the cell with the concentration of solute (and water) outside the cell in the following solutions: isotonic _____ hypertonic _____ hypotonic _____ 12.

3 What happens to cells placed in the following solutions? isotonic _____ hypertonic _____ hypotonic _____ 13. Explain simple diffusion across a plasma membrane _____ _____ 14. Explain facilitated diffusion across a plasma membrane _____ _____ 15. Name 3 things that will affect simple diffusion; indicate what speeds up diffusion for each. _____ _____ _____ BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 3 Part 1 SI 2 16.

4 Movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration is called _____. Does this process require energy? _____ 17. Give an example of transport against a concentration gradient. _____ 18. Define resting membrane potential _____ 19. What is the polarity of the resting membrane potential? _____ 20. List and explain the 3 types of endocytosis. _____ _____ _____ 21. Explain exocytosis. _____ 22.

5 Do endocytosis and exocytosis require energy?_____ 23. Give 3 reasons why cells are small. _____ _____ _____ 24. Match the cell structures with their functions. Cell membrane A. Modifies and packages proteins Cytosol B. Protein synthesis Cytoskeleton C. Gel-like substance; holds organelles Microvilli D.

6 Contains genetic information Cilia/flagella E. Increase surface area Centrioles F. Digests damaged organelles and pathogens Ribosomes G. Structure, support, movement Mitochondria H. Makes ribosome subunits Rough endoplasmic reticulum I. Selective permeability Smooth endoplasmic reticulum J. Makes ATP Golgi apparatus K.

7 Carbohydrate and lipid synthesis Lysosomes L. Move cell or substances across cell Peroxisomes M. Neutralize toxic compounds Nucleus N. Move chromosomes during cell division Nucleolus O. Modifies and packages substances secreted 25. Explain the endosymbiotic theory of origin of mitochondria. _____ _____ BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 3 Part 1 SI 3 26.

8 Define the Central Dogma _____ 27. What types of RNA are made by DNA? _____ 28. Contrast DNA and RNA DNA RNA Number of strands Sugar Bases 29. Most of the time, DNA is found in the nucleus as long thin strands called _____. During cell division, these strands condense into _____.

9 30. Segments of DNA that code for proteins are called _____. Segments of DNA that do not code for anything (junk DNA) are called _____. 31. Name 3 things that can cause mutations in DNA. _____ BIOL 2457 CHAPTER 3 Part 1 - Answers SI 4 1. cell 2. cytoplasm 3. microvilli 4. cilia 5. cytoskeleton microtubules, intermediate filaments, microfilaments 6. Fluid-Mosaic 7. attachment; cell recognition; enzymes; receptors; carrier proteins; channels 8. high; low; passive 9. water; passive 10. selectively permeable 11.

10 Isotonic concentration of solutes and water is the same inside and outside the cell (cell is isotonic to its environment) hypertonic concentration of solutes in the environment is greater than the concentration of solutes inside the cell; concentration of water in the environment is less than concentration of water inside the cell. (cell is hypotonic to its environment) hypotonic concentration of solutes in the environment is less than the concentration of solutes inside the cell; concentration of water in the environment is greater than concentration of water inside the cell.