BIOTEMP - nttworldwide.com

1 Biodegradable Dielectric Insulating FluidBIOTEMP BIOTEMP is an advanced dielectricinsulating medium that was developedby ABB to be friendly to the environment. The fluid has excellentdielectric characteristics with high temperature stability and superior flashand fire resistance. BIOTEMP hasexcellent compatibility with solid insulating materials and is biodegradablein a short time period. BIOTEMP is currently in use in smallpower and distribution transformersacross the United States. The fluid has aproven success rate in heavily populatedareas and in varying environments fromthe tropical environment of Hawaii tothe frigid northern slopes of friendlyBIOTEMP is non-toxic to bird, animaland human life and is 97% biodegradablewithin 21 days when exposed tomicrobes.

2 The fluid does not containany petroleum, halogens, silicones orother materials that might adverselyeffect the environment. BIOTEMP is a renewable andbiodegradable vegetable oil as definedunder the Edible Oil Regulatory ReformAct of 1995. The fluid is based on aproperty-enhanced vegetable oil, combined with stabilizers to enhanceoxidation stability. Dielectric strength with improvedtolerance to moisture BIOTEMP exceeds the dielectricstrength of mineral oil and HighTemperature Hydrocarbons (HTH s) andmaintains dielectric strength with higher levels of moisture. Moisture is soluble in BIOTEMP upto 1100 PPM at room at this level does not result in theformation of a separate water (ice) moisture (moisture levels above500 PPM) can have a negative effect onelectric and chemical to the affinity of BIOTEMP toabsorb water, studies indicate that thelife of insulation paper can beincreased over transformer oil frompetroleum sources.

3 The study showedthat BIOTEMP /Kraft paper has double the life of mineral oil/Kraftpaper with tensile strength and degree of polymerization measurements validatingthis conclusion. When maintained in sealed equipmentin the absence of dissolved contaminantsand free water, BIOTEMP does not formfungal or other biological , under extended warm conditions and in the presence of contaminants that can act as foodmaterials for fungi, free moisture maylead to biological growths in the unit. Aswith other fluids, care must be exercisedwhen handling and testing to keep the material clean and free of excessivemoisture and exposure to oxygen.

4 Gas absorption and gas evolutionBIOTEMP has many advantages overexisting insulating fluids in relation togas absorption and gas evolutionunder arcing. Testing has confirmedthat only 25% of the total volume ofgasses generated from petroleumbased oils are produced whenBIOTEMP is arced. The gasses produced do not contain many of thepolyaromatic hydrocarbons associatedBIOTEMP with arcing petroleum-based BIOTEMP produces carbonmonoxide, hydrogen, and detectabletraces of smaller hydrocarbon thermal characteristicsPour point for BIOTEMP is -15 to -25 C; this value is comparable to HTH' does not expand uponfreezing and solidifies into a hard gel-like solid that still acts as both aninsulating and cooling medium.

5 Intransformers, gas evolution from rapidly cooled BIOTEMP has notbeen unit filled with BIOTEMP was cooleddown to -70 C and than energized at100% full load. This load was maintaineduntil the unit reached full operatingtemperature, 65 C. The fluid returnedfrom a solid to a liquid state as theoperating temperature increased withoutdetrimental thermal properties of BIOTEMP are superior to conventional mineraloil. The fluid has a lower oil temperaturerise than mineral oil when used intransformers. Higher thermal conductivityresults in improved heat transfer. Compatibility with materialsBIOTEMP is not affected by reactionsCoefficient of Expansion, / C(ASTM D1903) x x x x 10-3 Specific Heat (cal/gr/ C)(ASTM D2766) pt.

6 C (ASTM D92)360160308330 Flash pt. C (ASTM D92)330145285300(ASTM D445) 40 C0 C30076220090381101245 Viscosity, cSt. 100 Strengh, kV(ASTM D877)45304043 ElectricalPour pt. C (ASTM D97)-15 to -25-40-24-55Sp. Gravity (ASTM D1298) (ASTM D1500)< - < Rate (%)21 - day CEC - L - PROPERTIES OF INSULATING FLUIDS with other materials of transformer constructionand is non-oxidizing and non-corrosive at temperatures considerably above normal operating temperature stabilityBIOTEMP has distinct advantages over otherhigh temperature dielectric fluids with fire andflash points well above 300 C.

7 BIOTEMP is difficult to ignite and produces only carbon dioxide and water without harmful polyaromatic orsilicate byproducts when StabilityBIOTEMP is provided with oxidation inhibitorsat a level non-toxic to humans. During the normal expected life of a unit, the oxidationinhibitors in the fluid should provide more thanenough protection from oxidative are shipped under a dry nitrogen blanketand excessive oxidation should not occur unlessthe fluid is left exposed to air for several hourswithout degassing before prolonged stability testing shows that BIOTEMP remains liquid and sludge does not form.

8 Althoughneutralization values in some cases exceed themaximum specificationsset for mineral oil at 72and 164 hours, Life Test results show that this isnot detrimental to the operation of the Safety and CodesFactory Mutual has listed BIOTEMP as a "LessFlammable" fluid and Underwriters Laboratoriesclassifies it as a "Less Hazardous" dielectric mediumin respect to fire hazard. Dielectric fluids arenot currently available on the market that canexceed the flash and fire points of BIOTEMP . Storage and handlingBIOTEMP can be transferred and stored similarto petroleum based fluids. Transfer equipmentand storage vessels should be clean and free ofcontaminates and moisture.

9 During storage, thevessel should be airtight and is preferablystored under dry nitrogen. BIOTEMP is notan aggressive solvent and is not known todegrade rubber hoses or MaintenanceDegassing and refilling the headspace with drynitrogen after prolonged or frequent exposure(totaling more than five hours) to air is necessary for the life of the fluid. Periodic maintenance tests should follow the same schedule used for mineral oil-filled is suitable for applicationindoors and in areas of heightened environmental sensitivity where any insulating fluid spill could require expensive clean-up TransformersBIOTEMP mixes in all proportionswith mineral oils.

10 Concentrationsof mineral oil in excess of 10% byweight may lower the fire pointbelow 300 C. BIOTEMP does not mix with silicone GuideThe dielectric coolant shall be listed less-flammable fluid meetingthe requirements of NationalElectrical Code Section 450-23,including a minimum fire point of300 C and the requirements of theNational Electrical Safety Code(IEEE C2-1997), Section 15. Thefluid shall be non-toxic, non-bioaccumulating andbiodegradable. It shall be FacturyMutual Approved and UL Classified, BIOTEMP Fluid or MethodElectricalDielectric Breakdown, kV @ 25 CASTM D877 Dielectric Breakdown, kV @.