BY ORDER OF THE AIR FORCE MANUAL 91-201 …

1 BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE MANUAL 91-201 21 MARCH 2017 Certified Current 09 June 2017 Safety EXPLOSIVES SAFETY STANDARDS COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at for downloading or ordering. RELEASABILITY: There are no releaseability restrictions on this publication. OPR: AFSEC/SEW Supersedes: AFMAN 91-201 , 12 January 2011 Certified by: AFSEC/CD (Mr. James Rubeor) Pages: 474 This MANUAL implements Air FORCE Policy Directive (AFPD) 91-2, Safety Programs, and DoD , Volumes 1 8, DoD Ammunition and Explosives Safety Standards. It establishes a central source for explosive safety criteria.

2 It identifies hazards and states safety precautions and rules when working with explosives. It applies to all Air FORCE , Air National Guard (ANG), Air FORCE Reserve Command (AFRC), and contractor personnel and facilities involved in explosive operations. The use of the name or mark of any specific manufacturer, commercial product, commodity, or service in this publication does not imply endorsement by the Air FORCE . This AFI may be supplemented at any level, but all supplements that directly implement this publication must be routed to SAF/AAII Policy Branch for coordination prior to certification and approval. Refer recommended changes and questions about this publication to the Office of Primary Responsibility (OPR) using the AF Form 847, Recommendation for Change of Publication; route AF Forms 847 from the field through the appropriate functional chain of command.

3 The authorities to waive wing/unit level requirements in this publication are identified with a Tier ( T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3 ) number following the compliance statement. See AFI 33-360, Publications and Forms Management, Table for a description of the authorities associated with the Tier numbers. Send MAJCOM supplements to AFSEC/SEW, 9700 G Avenue SE, Kirtland AFB NM 87117-5670. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication are maintained in accordance with (IAW) Air FORCE MANUAL (AFMAN) 33-363, Management of Records, and disposed of IAW the Air FORCE Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) in the Air FORCE Records Information Management System (AFRIMS).

4 2 AFMAN91-201 21 MARCH 2017 SUMMARY OF CHANGES This revision reflects changes in guidance and procedures dealing with Air FORCE explosives safety standards. Major changes include incorporation of GM1; expansion of blast effects on personnel; updates weather watch/warning procedures; expansion of protective design construction requirements; and the deletion of Chapter 9, Protection of Electro-Explosive Devices From Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) and its replacement with a chapter on Munitions Potentially Presenting and Explosive Hazard. The HERO information previously presented in Chapter 9 is available in AFI 91-208, Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) Certification and Management.

5 It also includes guidance for overpressure barricade design; clarification of chocking requirements for explosives-loaded vehicles ( , munitions materials handling equipment (MMHE) and materials handling equipment (MHE)); updates to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) formulas for pulsed systems; clarifies withdrawal procedures for ammunition and explosives (AE) not involved in a fire; updates compatibility requirements for licensed location; adopts new rounding rules used for quantity distance (QD) calculations; updates QD criterion for various facility types and situations; and, corrects and updates notes used in QD tables. Furthermore, it removes written Commander acceptance requirements for parking aircraft at less than survivability; reduces coordination host/tenant requirements for explosives site plans (ESP) (may also be referred to as a QD safety submission (QDSS)) without exceptions; removes references and procedures for Risk Based Siting; includes additional chapters for Real Property, Waste Military Munitions, Material Potentially Presenting an Explosive Hazard (MPPEH); Unexploded Ordnance (UXO); includes review elements for both munitions response explosives safety submissions (MRESS) and munitions response explosives site plan (MRESP) packages.

6 And incorporates use of a revised Automated Explosives Safety Siting Program for use in developing ESPs. Additionally, this MANUAL introduces new phraseology for an MRESS, formerly an explosives safety submission (ESS); a munitions response chemical safety submission (MRCSS), formerly a chemical safety submission (CSS); and an MRESP, formerly an explosives site plan (ESP) when referring to munitions response activities under the Military Munitions Response Program (MMRP). Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND EXCEPTION PROGRAM 28 Section 1A Explosives Safety General Instructions 28 28 Scope.. 28 Section 1B Exception Program 30 General.. 30 Deviations.

7 31 Event Waivers (Nonrecurring).. 33 AFMAN91-201 21 MARCH 2017 3 Waivers.. 34 Exemptions.. 34 SECAF New Construction Exemption.. 34 Exceptions for Non-DoD Explosives Activities on Air FORCE Installations.. 35 Waiver and Exemption Information Requirements.. 35 HAF-Level Waiver and Exemption Information Requirements.. 36 Waiver and Exemption Decision Nomograph.. 37 Periodic Reviews for Exceptions.. 38 Figure Waiver and Exemption Decision Nomograph-Peacetime/Armistice Operations.. 40 Figure Waiver and Exemption Decision Nomograph-Wartime/Contingency Operations. 41 Table Likelihood of a Mishap.. 42 Table Exposure.

8 43 Table Explosive Mishap Severity.. 43 Chapter 2 REACTION EFFECTS 47 Section 2A Principal Effects of Hazard Division (HD) Events 47 Blast.. 47 49 Thermal Hazards.. 49 Groundshock and Cratering.. 49 Expected Consequences.. 49 Section 2B Principal Effects of HD Events 52 Blast.. 52 53 Thermal Hazards.. 53 Expected Consequences.. 53 Section 2C Principal Effects of HD Events 54 Gas Pressures.. 54 54 Thermal Hazards.. 54 4 AFMAN91-201 21 MARCH 2017 Expected Consequences.. 55 Section 2D Principal Effects of HD Events 55 Blast.. 55 55 Thermal Hazards.. 55 Expected Consequences.

9 55 Section 2E Principal Effects of HD and HD Events 55 HD Effects.. 55 HD Effects.. 55 Table Expected Peak Incident Pressures From HD Events.. 56 Table Probability Of Window Breakage From Incident Pressure.. 56 Table General Blast Effects On Personnel Eardrum Rupture.. 57 Table General Blast Effects On Personnel Lung Damage.. 57 Table General Blast Effects On Personnel Lethality Due To Lung Rupture.. 58 Chapter 3 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION 59 Purpose of Hazard Classification.. 59 Section 3A DoD Hazard Classification System 59 Responsibility for Hazard Classification.. 59 Hazard Classification Authorities.

10 59 Standards for Determining DoD Hazard Classification.. 59 Description of DoD Hazard Classification 59 Net Explosive Weight (NEW) and NEW for Quantity-Distance (NEWQD).. 60 Requirement for DoD Hazard Classification.. 61 Section 3B Storage and Transportation Without DoD Hazard Classification 61 Storage and Transportation Without DoD Hazard Classification.. 61 Explosives With DOE Hazard Classifications.. 61 DoD-Owned Non-Stock-Listed Commercial Explosives.. 62 Manufacturing, R&D Items.. 63 Foreign Explosives.. 64 AFMAN91-201 21 MARCH 2017 5 Non-DoD-Owned Explosives.. 64 Section 3C Hazard Classification of Unpackaged Items 66 Hazard Classification of Unpackaged Items.