電力系統分析 Chapter 1 電力系統簡介

1 2012/11/271 Chapter 1 2012/11/272 2012/11/273 DC IR I2R P VI V ItV0 =NfKV2 DC AC 2012/11/274 - repairing the rotor in a 200MW generatorstator winding of a hydro generator2012/11/275installing the rotor in a hydro generatorinside a 660MW generator - - 2012/11/276 [1] electric Utility Systems Practice, 4th ed.

2 , [2] Power System analysis and Design[2] DC 1882 110V (Pearl Street Station in New York City. By Thomas Edison), (1 ) (William Stanley, 1885) Induction Motor & Synchronous motor (Nikola Tesla, 1888) DC ac 1889 ( Oregon) 4kV 21 km( ) 3 -- 1891 12kV 179 Km First 3 ac transmission line in USA (California ), 12Km, kV HVDC 400 kV (1970) DC ac power 500Km HVDC HVDC : ac HVDC : - 2012/11/277 ( ) ac 50Hz 60Hz (25,50,60,133Hz) 50 60Hz 60Hz 50Hz ( ) 60Hz 50Hz 50Hz 60Hz DC AC HVDC IaIcIbIa+Ib+IcIaIbIc 60Hz 50Hz ?

3 32sin()32sin()sin(=+++= ==cgbgagcgbgagVVVtVtVtV 2012/11/278 What is a Power System?GeneratorGeneratorLoadLoadGenerat or 4 115--765KV :69-138KV .. 3 2 DC 3 dc dc slip ring (blushless) 30KV 50MW 1500MW prime mover hydraulic turbine, steam turbines( ), gas turbine( ), internal combustion engine( ) bus 60KV 2012/11/279 60KV 69KV 115KV 138KV 161KV 230KV 345KV 500KV 765KV( ) 230KV EHV (Extra-High Voltage) (High-Voltage substation or receiving substation, or primary substation) switching station 69 138KV (Consumers service-entrance equipment))

4 4~ 240/120V( ) 3 200Y/120V 3 4 or 480Y/277V 4 2012/11/2710 Load factor Daily Annual utilization factor = plant factor = 24load pead24hr during comsumedenergy loadpeak load average =8760hrloadpeak energy annual total capacity installed demand maximum8760hrcapacityplant generationenergy annual / switchgear ( ) Switchgear (circuit Breaker) disconnect switch fuses lightning arrester SCADA( supervisory control & data acquisition) on-line computer operator (dispatcher) 2012/11/2711 2012/11/2712 2012/11/2713 2012/11/2714 2012/11/2715345kV 2012/11/2716345kV 161kV 2012/11/271769kV 69/11kV.

5 25 MVA 69kV 11kV 2012/11/271811kV 11kV 11kV 11kV 2012/11/271911kV ( ) ( ) Coal (oil)Thermal power plant( ) (Gas) (Nuclear) (Nuclear Power Plant) ( ) ( ) (biomass) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.. power ( ) power power power ? brain power. ! Its power is so strong that you never know what will happen to you and human beings. Keep developing your brain power! Never stop!2012/11/2720 ( ) ( ) 6852,256 148 0 110 0 611 3,810 73 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( - ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1,275 2,981 141 0 166 0 702 5,265 78 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( - ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1,949 3,858 90 320 221 0 866 7,303 83 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2,959 5,092 85 576 222 0 954 9,888 88 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4,354 6,842 77 990 163 0 981 13,406 93 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 40 )

6 1 338 43 146 62 9,842 230 395 64 15% 2006 2015 32 200 2025 100 2012/11/2721 ( ) ( ) (North American Power System Interconnection ) 2 1.

7 FERC: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission a. Price of whole sale electricity b. Service itemsc. Conditions 2. Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) business structure of electric utility2012/11/2722 North American Power System Interconnection power pools ( ) NERC North American electric Reliability Council (Privately Regulated organization) NERC 4 a. electric Reliability Council of Texas, ERCOTb. Western States Coordination Council, WSCCc. Eastern Interconnect d. Hydro-Quebec Brain Power 2012/11/2723 2012/11/2724 96% 15%

8 / 2012/11/2725 (Standby power) ) ) ) ) ) ) 2012/11/2726) ) ) / ) /