Chapter 6 Operating Systems - FTMS

1 1 CSCA0201 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTINGC hapter 6 Operating Systems2 Operating of Operating of Operating System3 Operating SystemsOperating Systems Theoperatingsystemisthemostimportantprog ramthatrunsonacomputer. Operatingsystemisaninterfacebetweencompu teranduser. SystemsOperating Systems5 Operating SystemsOperating Systems6 Operating SystemsTypes of Operating system Real-time Distributed Embedded7 Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemReal-Time Areal-timeoperatingsystemisamultitasking operatingsystemthataimsatexecutingreal-t imeapplications. SystemsTypes of Operating SystemMulti-user vs. Single user Amulti-useroperatingsystemallowsmultiple userstoaccessacomputersystemconcurrently . Time-sharingsystemcanbeclassifiedasmulti -usersystemsastheyenableamultipleuseracc esstoacomputerthroughthesharingoftime. Single-useroperatingsystems,asopposedtoa multi-useroperatingsystem, SystemsTypes of Operating SystemMulti-tasking vs.

2 Single-tasking Whenasingleprogramisallowedtorunatatime, thesystemisgroupedunderasingle-taskingsy stem Whileincasetheoperatingsystemallowstheex ecutionofmultipletasksatonetime, SystemsTypes of Operating SystemDistributed Adistributedoperatingsystemmanagesagroup ofindependentcomputersandmakesthemappear tobeasinglecomputer. Thedevelopmentofnetworkedcomputersthatco uldbelinkedandcommunicatewitheachother, SystemsTypes of Operating SystemEmbedded Embeddedoperatingsystemsaredesignedtobeu sedinembeddedcomputersystems. Theyaredesignedtooperateonsmallmachinesl ikePDAswithlessautonomy. SystemsMajor Functions of Operating system Resourcemanagement Datamanagement Jobmanagement StandardmeansofcommunicationbetweenUsera ndComputer13 Operating SystemsMajor Functions of Operating SystemResource Management TheresourcemanagementfunctionofanOSalloc atescomputerresourcessuchasCPUtime,mainm emory,secondarystorage, SystemsMajor Functions of Operating SystemData Management ThedatamanagementfunctionsofanOSgovernth einputandoutputofdataandtheirlocation,st orage,andretrieval.

3 SystemsMajor Functions of Operating SystemJob Management ThejobmanagementfunctionofanOSprepares,s chedules,controls,andmonitorsjobssubmitt edforexecutiontoensurethemostefficientpr ocessing. SystemsMajor Functions of Operating SystemStandard Means of Communication between User and computer TheOSalsoestablishesastandardmeansofcomm unicationbetweenusersandtheircomputersys tems. SystemsUser Interface Aprogramthatcontrolsadisplayfortheuser(u suallyonacomputermonitor)andthatallowsth eusertointeractwiththesystem). SystemsUser Interface Theuserinterfaceprovidesmeansof: Input-allowingtheuserstomanipulateasyste m Output-allowingthesystemtoindicatetheeff ectsoftheusers' SystemsTypes of User Interface Commandlineinterface Graphicaluserinterface20 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceCommand Line Interface (CLI) Acommand-lineinterfaceisamechanismforint eractingwithacomputeroperatingsystemorso ftwarebytypingcommandstoperformspecifict asks.

4 Thismethodofinstructingacomputertoperfor magiventaskisreferredtoas"entering"acomm and. Acceptinputviakeyboardonly. SystemsTypes of User InterfaceCommand Line Interface (CLI)22 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceCommand Line Interface (CLI) Examplesofcommand:CommandDescriptionDIRT o display list of files or folderCOPYTo copy file or folderMDTo make new folderCLSTo clear screenQuitTo quit23 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceGraphical User Interface (GUI) Isatypeofuserinterfacewhichallowspeoplet ointeractwithcomputerwithimagesrathertha ntextcommands. Acceptinputviakeyboardandpointingdevices . SystemsTypes of User InterfaceElements of Graphical User Interface Pointer Icons Desktop Windows Menus25 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfacePointer Asymbolthatappearsonthedisplayscreenandt hatyoumovetoselectobjectsandcommands.

5 Usually, SystemsTypes of User InterfaceIcons Smallpicturesthatrepresentcommands,files , SystemsTypes of User InterfaceDesktop SystemsTypes of User InterfaceDesktop29 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceWindows Usedtodividethescreenintodifferentareas. Ineachwindow, SystemsTypes of User InterfaceWindows31 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceMenus Mostgraphicaluserinterfacesletyouexecute commandsbyselectingachoicefromamenu. Twotypesofmenu: Pull-downmenu Pop-upmenu32 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceMenus33 Operating SystemsTypes of User InterfaceCLIGUIEaseBecause of the memorization and familiarity needed to operate a command line interface, new users have a difficult time navigating and Operating a command line new users may have a difficult time learning to use the mouse and all GUI features, most users pick up this interface much easier when compared to a command line have much more control of their file system and Operating system in a command line interface.

6 For example, users can copy a specific file from one location to another with a one-line a GUI offers plenty of control of a file system and Operating system , the more advanced tasks may still need a command SystemsTypes of User InterfaceCLIGUIM ultitasking Although many command line environments are capable of multitasking, they do not offer the same ease and ability to view multiple things at once on one users have windows that enable a user to view, control, and manipulate multiple things at once and is much faster to navigate when compared with a command line users only need to use their keyboards to navigate a command line interface and often only need to execute a few lines to perform a GUI may be easier to use because of the mouse. However, using a mouse and keyboard to navigate and control your Operating system for many things is going to be much slower than someone who is working in a command SystemsExamples of Operating system MS-DOS Windows MacOS Linux Solaris Android36 Operating SystemsMicrosoft DOS DOSstandsforDiskOperatingSystem.

7 DevelopedbyMicrosoftInc. Usingcommandlineinterface. Itdoesnotsupportmultipleusersandmultitas king. (1981) (1995)37 Operating SystemsMicrosoft DOS38 Operating SystemsWindows ProducedbyMicrosoft,Inc. Usinggraphicaluserinterface. Supportmultitaskingandmultiuser. (1985) Latestversion:Windows839 Operating SystemsWindows40 Operating SystemsMac OS TheofficialnameoftheMacintoshoperatingsy stem. CreatedbyAppleInc. OperatingSystemforAppleMacintoshcomputer . Firstversion:MacSystem1(1984) SystemsMac OS42 Operating SystemsLinux Afreely-distributableopensourceoperating systemthatrunsonanumberofhardwareplatfor ms. Linuxhasbecomeanextremelypopularalternat ivetoproprietaryoperatingsystems. Firstversion:Linux(1992) SystemsLinux44 Operating SystemsAndroid AndroidisaLinux-basedoperatingsystemform obiledevicessuchassmartphonesandtabletco mputers ItisdevelopedbytheOpenHandsetAlliance,le dbyGoogle,andothercompanies (2008) SystemsAndroid46 Operating SystemsSolaris SolarisisaUnixoperatingsystemoriginallyd evelopedbySunMicrosystems Solariscanbeinstalledfromphysicalmediaor anetworkforuseonadesktoporserver Usedonserverandworkstation Firstversion:Solaris1(1991) SystemsSolaris