CURRENT WOOD RESOURCES AVAILABILITY AND …

1 United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations GENEVA TIMBER AND FOREST STUDY PAPER 51 CURRENT WOOD RESOURCES AVAILABILITY AND DEMANDS NATIONAL AND REGIONAL WOOD RESOURCE BALANCES EU/EFTA COUNTRIES By Florian Steierer UNITED NATIONS UNECE ECE/TIM/DP/49 Timber Section, Geneva, Switzerland GENEVA TIMBER AND FOREST STUDY PAPER 51 CURRENT WOOD RESOURCES AVAILABILITY AND DEMANDS NATIONAL AND REGIONAL WOOD RESOURCE BALANCES EU/EFTA COUNTRIES By Florian Steierer UNITED NATIONS Geneva 2010 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe/ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UNECE Note The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

2 Abstract The UNECE/FAO Study Paper on CURRENT wood RESOURCES AVAILABILITY and demands National and regional wood resource balances 2005 EU/EFTA countries provides a detailed and balanced overview about the use, re-use and recycling of wood fibres in the forest based sector. Using UNECE and FAO databases as starting point, the approach of the wood resource balance cross-checks official production and trade data of the main forest sector products with the reported co-products, such as chips, particles and residues. It uses further some external data sources such as European waste statistics as well as conversion factors (ECE/TIM/DP/49). The study calculates and presents individual wood resource balances separately for each single member state in the target region. The draft version of this study paper served as the background paper Wood RESOURCES AVAILABILITY and demands Part I for the UNECE/FAO workshop on national wood resource balances ( ).

3 Country correspondents participated in a data review process and actively confirmed, completed and revised the data presented in this study. The experience from this comprehensive and balanced data presentation will be used in further work of the UNECE/FAO Timber Section and is planned to be one of the core tools for the upcoming revision of the European Forest Sector Outlook Study. Keywords Wood resource balance, Europe, EFTA, production, imports, exports, informal trade, unrecorded trade, unrecorded removals, removals, forestry industry, forestry trade, forestry statistics, black liquor, production, pulp production, roundwood equivalent, sawnwood, supply gap, wood based panels, wood chips, wood energy, wood fuel, wood particles, wood pellets, wood processing co-products, wood residues, wood waste, post consumer recovered wood. UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONS ISSN 1020 7228 ECE/TIM/DP/51 EU/EFTA sub-regional and national wood resource balances 2005 _____ iii PREFACE Needs to be written.

4 -iv-_____EU/EFTA sub-regional and national wood resource balances 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all I whish to express my sincere gratitude to Professor Dr. Udo Mantau from Hamburg University for his support, advise and review. This study has only been made possible by his groundbreaking empirical work and experience in Germany. The first draft of this study was written at Hamburg University where I was offered to work for one year. Special thanks also to Sebastian Hetsch, co-author of the previous draft versions of this study and organizer of the workshop on national wood resource balances for which he also published the proceedings (ECE/TIM/DP/DP 53). He used the outcome of this wood resource balances 2005 for projecting potential sustainable wood supply (ECE/TIM/DP/52) to satisfy the needs of the forest based sector as well as the strongly growing wood energy sector in response to the renewable energy targets by 2020 set by the European Council.

5 The development of the hereafter presented first wood resource balances for the reference year 2005 rely strongly on national data as well as conversion factors. Therefore I whish to thank sincerely the national correspondents of the Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire and delegates to the Joint Working Party of Forest Economics and Statistics for their comments, support and feed back during the data review process. Their overwhelming response rate and comments were a tremendous support to review the national data of the draft version. Special thanks the member of the UNECE Task Force on wood AVAILABILITY , Jeremy Wall (EC DG ENTR), B n dicte Hendrickx (EPF), Bernard de Galembert (CEPI), Jan-Olof Loman (Swedish Forest Agency), Jarmo H m l inen (Mets teho Oy) and for their discussions and their valuable inputs and revision of the paper.

6 Adrian Whiteman (FAO) gave important input to the study, especially through his knowledge on forest sector outlook studies. Several staff from the UNECE/FAO Timber Section were a big support for collecting of necessary background information. In particular Alex McCusker (UNECE) as a key persons for data for the Timber Sector and Matt Fonseca as the key person for conversion factors facilitated the development of the balances in this study. Initial technical reviews in the UNECE/FAO Timber Section were done in chronological order by Mr. Kit Prins, Mr. Douglas Clark, Dr. Ed Pepke as well as Mr. Adrian Whiteman from the Forest Products and Industry Division, FAO Forestry Department. This manuscript was completed on 23 December 2009. It is my pleasure to thank all members of the Team, the many other contributors, for their dedicated work in producing this study on Wood Resource Balances.

7 Florian Steierer Wood Energy Data Specialist UNECE/FAO Timber Section Trade and Timber Division United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Palais des Nations CH - 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland E-mail: sub-regional and national wood resource balances 2005 _____ v C O N T E N T S Acknowledgements .. ix Executive Summary .. xi 1. Introduction: .. 1 Forest and energy the revival of an old story .. 1 Objectives of the wood resource balance for Europe .. 2 Framework of the study .. 4 2. 4 Why a wood RESOURCES balance? ..4 Structure of a Wood Resource Balance .. 4 Data sources and AVAILABILITY .. 6 Units and conversion 7 Measuring wood fibres cascaded use .. 7 Processed wood 8 3. Data update .. 9 Data review process .. 9 Updated JFSQ 10 4. Results .. 11 Wood supply .. 11 Direct wood supply form the forest .. 11 Total wood supply .. 12 Wood use.

8 13 Material 13 Energy 13 Balancing the balance - A question of data! .. 14 Supply and use at national and regional 14 Particularly weak data .. 15 5. 17 6. Recommendations .. 17 7. Glossary .. 18 8. 20 9. Annex .. 21 ANNEX I: European wood resource balance - detailed overview .. 22 ANNEX II : Regional wood resource balances EU/EFTA .. 24 ANNEX III : National wood resource balances EU/EFTA 26 ANNEX IV : National wood resource balances Serbia and Turkey .. 55 -vi-_____EU/EFTA sub-regional and national wood resource balances 2005 L I S T O F T A B L E S Table 1 : Result of the data revision process (EU/EFTA only).. 9 Table 2 : Direct and indirect sources (EU/EFTA).. 11 Table 3 : Wood use 2005 (EU/EFTA).. 13 Table 4 : Major wood energy consuming 13 Table 5: Total wood supply and use (EU/EFTA).. 15 L I S T O F F I G U R E S Figure 1 : Flow chart of post consumer wood sector in Germany in Mt (air dry) (2004).

9 5 Figure 3 : Wood fibre streams for supply and 6 Figure 4 : Components of wood supply and consumption in the wood resource 10 Figure 5 : Wood supply 11 Figure 6 : Material versus energy use by fibre provenance (EU/EFTA).. 14 EU/EFTA sub-regional and national wood resource balances 2005 _____ vii L I S T O F A B B R E V I A T I O N S cm centimetre CHP Combined heat and power generation m3 cubic metre m3sw cubic metre of solid wood M3rw cubic metre roundwood EU/EFTA EU-27 plus Norway and Switzerland DG TREN European Commission Directorate General for Energy and Transport EFSOS European Forest Sector Outlook Study EFTA European Free Trade Area X Exports FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GJ Gigajoule HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System I Imports IEA International Energy Agency

10 ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization JFSQ Joint Forest Sector Questionnaire JWEE Joint Wood Energy Enquiry MDF medium density fiberboard M metre mt metric ton mm millimetre Mtoe million tonnes oil equivalent MCPFE Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe mcd moisture content dry basis mcw moisture content wet basis NAI net annual increment UNECE region North America, pan-Europe, Russia, Central Asia OSB oriented strand-board odmt oven dry metric ton ob over bark PJ Peta Joule P Production RES Renewable Energy Sources swe solid wood equivalent M2 square metre SITC Standard International Trade Classification SFM Sustainable Forest Management Toes Tonnes of oil equivalent TPES Total Primary Energy Supply ub under bark UN SD United National Statistical Division UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WCO World Customs Organization COST European Cooperation