Design and Simulation of Three Phase Controlled Rectifier ...

1 International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: Email: Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 ISSN 2319 - 4847 Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 Page 1 Abstract An electric power can be converted from one form to another form by using power electronics devices. The function of power electronics circuits by using semiconductor devices as switch is modifying or controlling a voltage. The goal of power electronics circuits are to convert electrical energy from one form to another, from source to load with highest efficiency, high availability and high reliability with the lowest cost, smallest size and weight. The term rectification refers to the power circuit whose function is to alter the ac characteristic of the line electric power to produce a rectified ac power at the load side that contains the dc value.

2 Rectifiers are used to convert the AC voltage into DC or low-frequency AC to supply the different combinations of the load like the resistance and the Inductance. In this project task, the Rectifier circuit should be possible to produce a variable average voltage by controlling the delay of 60 . A versatile method of controlling the output of a full-wave Rectifier is to substitute Controlled switches such as IGBTs for the diodes. This paper introduces the characteristics of the Three - Phase full- Controlled bridge Rectifier circuit, and matlab / simulink module for the full control of Three - Phase bridge Rectifier circuit is narrated briefly, the model for the Three - Phase bridge full- Controlled Rectifier circuits has been made, matlab software were used for different firing angle, a different trigger pulse when the circuit was simulated the output waveform when the firing angle change, or 6 pulses synchronized trigger pulse width is changed.

3 The output is Controlled by adjusting the delay angle of each IGBT, resulting in an output voltage or output current which is variable over a limited range with programmed the Arduino UNO R3. Keywords: Arduino, matlab software, IGBT, Three Phase Controlled Rectifier , Rectifier . 1. INTRODUCTION The modern era of power electronics began in 1958, when the General Electric Company introduced a commercial thyristor, two years after it was invented by Bell Telephone Laboratory. Soon all industrial applications that were based on mercury-arc rectifiers and power magnetic amplifiers were replaced by silicon- Controlled rectifiers (SCRs).In less than 20 years after commercial SCRs were introduced significant improvements in semiconductor fabrication technology and physical operation were made, and many different types of power semiconductor devices appeared. The function of power electronics circuits by using semiconductor devices as switch is modifying or controlling a voltage.

4 The goal of power electronics circuits is to convert electrical energy from one form to another, from source to load with highest efficiency, high availability and high reliability with lowest cost, smallest size and weight.[3] There are four conversion circuits as shown in Figure-1 that are used in the majority of today s power electronics circuits. Firstly are ac-to-ac, secondly is ac-to-dc, thirdly is dc-to-ac and the last is dc-to-dc. In terms of functional description, modern power electronics system performs one or more of the following conversion functions. Figure 1-Four Types of Conversion Design and Simulation of Three Phase Controlled Rectifier Using IGBT Tanmay Sharma1, Dhruvi Dave2 , Ruchit Soni3 1 Student, Electrical Engineering Department, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. 2 Student, Electrical Engineering Department, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

5 3 Assistant Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Indus University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: Email: Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 ISSN 2319 - 4847 Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 Page 2 2. METHODOLOGY The objective or the purpose of this project is the important part of getting started because it will drive to the outcomes of this project. Basically there are two main purpose which are, firstly to explore and learn the operation of Arduino UNO to control thyristor circuit and secondly to build and test the circuit. Besides the two main objectives there are also other outcomes that need to be reach at the end of this project such as to produce DC voltage or current with low ripple and to reduce the output close to the theoretical value.

6 This project concentrates on a development of a circuit and hardware to get dc output using IGBT and Arduino UNO as main component of the project. Besides the scopes is to program an arduino to control delay angle ( ) and it produced variable outputs.[1] To develop the whole project, it consists of Three methods which are the concept of switching, the electrical structure, and the software programming. After designing and building completely the Rectifier circuit, the driver circuit should be able to control the delay angle , that can be adjusted by using microcontroller. It will involve the programming development to control the ON state of the power switch and adjust the Phase angle. Here, the trigger angle of IGBTs will be programmed in certain time sequence to ensure the input voltage goes from low to full voltage. 3. Three Phase Controlled Rectifier In the section , we will discuss about how the modeling and Simulation of a power electronic converter can be carried out using matlab / simulink software and in section we will define important parameters to understand the performance of single and 3- rectifiers.

7 matlab - simulink for Power Electronics In this section we will study about the modeling and Simulation method for the power electronics circuits. SimPowerSystems provides component libraries and analysis tools for modeling and simulating electrical power systems. The libraries offer models of electrical power components, including Three - Phase machines, electric drives, and components for applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) and renewable energy systems. SimPowerSystems models can be used to develop control systems and test system level performance. To deploy models to other Simulation environments, including hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) systems, SimPowerSystems supports C-code generation. [8] SimPowerSystems contains application libraries, Electrical Sources (Contains blocks that generate electric signals), Elements (Contains linear and nonlinear circuit elements.)

8 , Extra Library (Contains Three - Phase blocks and specialized measurement and control blocks. You can also open this library by entering powerlib_extras at the command line.) , Machines (Contains power machinery models.), Measurements (Contains blocks for the current and voltage measurements.), Power Electronics (Contains power electronics devices.) and powergui (used to decide supply; continues or discrete) libraries to Design and stimulate different power electronics circuits. THYRISTOR, MOSFET, GTO, AC/DC VOLTAGE supply are one of the examples of various libraries blocks. Performance parameters for Rectifiers Before starting to examine different topologies for single- Phase or multi- Phase rectifiers, we should define some parameters. These parameters are needed to compare the performances among the different structures. Figure 2-Generic scheme of a Rectifier Let us assume we have ideal switches (diodes or thyristors) with zero commutation time ( , instantaneous turn on and off) and zero on-resistance ( , when conducting they present neither voltage drop nor losses).

9 The load itself is an ideal resistance. The generic scheme is shown in Figure 2. At the input of the Rectifier there are one or more AC voltages from the secondary of the transformer. At the output of the Rectifier , on the load, there is also a time-dependent voltage. This voltage, as will be shown, is a combination of the voltages at the input of the Rectifier stage.[2] The DC voltage on the load is the average over the period T of the output voltage of the Rectifier : International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: Email: Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 ISSN 2319 - 4847 Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 Page 3 (1) Similarly, it is possible to define the voltage on the load: (2) The ratio of the two voltages is the Form Factor (FF): (3) This parameter is quite important since it is an index of the efficiency of the rectification process.

10 Having assumed the load to be purely resistive, it is possible to define the currents as (4) (5) The rectification ratio ( ), also known as rectification efficiency, is expressed by (6) Hence we get, (7) We have assumed ideal switches, with no losses, that is RD = 0. Therefore (8) International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) Web Site: Email: Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 ISSN 2319 - 4847 Volume 6, Issue 8, August 2017 Page 4 The Ripple Factor (RF) is another important parameter used to describe the quality of the rectification. It represents the smoothness of the voltage waveform at the output of the Rectifier (we have to keep in mind that our goal is to obtain a voltage and a current in the load as steady as possible).