DUAL FUEL ENGINES LATEST DEVELOPMENTS

1 DUAL FUEL ENGINES LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Oskar Levander, Director, Concept design , MLS HAMBURG, 27 September 2011 1 W rtsil Oskar Levander Content Environmental and market drivers LNG as a marine fuel DF ENGINES RoRo concept design Machinery and fuel comparison Conclusions 27 September 2011 2 W rtsil Oskar Levander Factor trends: Environment 27 September 2011 3 W rtsil LOCAL GLOBAL LOCAL LOCAL Acid rains Tier II (2011) Tier III (2016) NOx Greenhouse effect Under evaluation by IMO CO2 Acid rains Sulphur content in fuel SOx Direct impact on humans Locally regulated Particulate matter Oskar Levander Until 27 September 2011 4 W rtsil Oskar Levander From now Established Emissions Controlled Areas Emissions Controlled Areas under consideration 27 September 2011 5 W rtsil Oskar Levander NOx reduction IMO requirements and methods 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 0 Specific NOx emissions (g/kWh)

2 Rated engine speed (rpm) Tier II (global 2011) Ships keel laid 2011 onwards ENGINES > 130 kW Tier III (ECAs 2016) Ships in designated areas, keel laid 2016 onwards ENGINES > 130 kW Tier I (present) Ships built 2000 onwards ENGINES > 130 kW Retrofit: Ships built 1990 2000 ENGINES > 90 litres/cylinder and > 5000 kW W rtsil : RTA, W46, W64 Dry methods (engine optimization) - Concepts are ready 4 - SCR Catalyst - Alternative pathways under investigation (Combined measures) 27 September 2011 6 W rtsil Oskar Levander IMO Sulphur Limits 0,1% 4,5% 3,5% 1,5% 1,0% 0.

3 5% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 World EU in ports ECA 27 September 2011 7 W rtsil Oskar Levander Machinery options Main options for operations inside ECA MGO + SCR HFO + Scrubber + SCR LNG 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander 8 W rtsil Greenhouse emission reductions The society is demanding lower CO2 emissions from ships IMO is trying to respond the demand by introducing guidelines for: Energy Efficiency design Index (EEDI) Energy Efficiency Operational Index (EEOI) Market based instruments.

4 27 September 2011 9 W rtsil Oskar Levander Fuel prices Sources: , , LR Fairplay 27 September 2011 10 W rtsil Oskar Levander 05101520253035 Oct-01 Feb-02 Jun-02 Oct-02 Feb-03 Jun-03 Oct-03 Feb-04 Jun-04 Oct-04 Feb-05 Jun-05 Oct-05 Feb-06 Jun-06 Oct-06 Feb-07 Jun-07 Oct-07 Feb-08 Jun-08 Oct-08 Feb-09 Jun-09 Oct-09 Feb-10 Jun-10 Oct-10 Feb-11 Jun-11 USD/MBtuLNG Japan average [USD/MBtu] NG Henry hub [USD/MBtu]HFO 380cst Rotterdam [USD/MBtu]MGO Rotterdam [USD/MBtu]Cleaner Exhaust Emissions with LNG 25-30% lower CO2 Thanks to low carbon to hydrogen ratio of fuel 85% lower NOX Lean burn concept (high air-fuel ratio) No SOX emissions Sulphur is removed from fuel when liquefied Very low particulate emissions No visible smoke No sludge deposits 27 September 2011 11 W rtsil Oskar Levander DF ENGINES 27 September 2011 12 W rtsil Oskar Levander Fuel spray Otto or Diesel cycles.

5 Effects on NOX Nikolaus August Otto Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel Flame front propagation NOX formation 27 September 2011 13 W rtsil Otto or Diesel cycles: effects on NOX Big temperature difference NOx formation! Otto, max flame temp. Diesel, max flame temp. 27 September 2011 14 W rtsil Select the right technology * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * GAS INJECTION GAS INJECTION GAS INJECTION DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) Meets IMO Tier III No redundancy No HFO flexibility GAS-DIESEL (GD) Does NOT meet IMO Tier III High gas pressure 27 September 2011 15 W rtsil Oskar Levander DUAL- FUEL (DF) GAS-DIESEL (GD) Gas burning technologies SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG)

6 1987 1992 1995 27 September 2011 16 W rtsil Oskar Levander The marine favourite technology? * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * GAS INJECTION GAS INJECTION GAS INJECTION DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III SPARK-IGNITION GAS (SG) Meets IMO Tier III No redundancy No HFO flexibility GAS-DIESEL (GD) Does NOT meet IMO Tier III High gas pressure 27 September 2011 17 W rtsil Oskar Levander W rtsil s choice * * * * * * * * * * * GAS INJECTION DUAL-FUEL (DF) Meets IMO Tier III 1 IMO Tier III compliant 2 Low pressure gas 3 Fuel flexibility.

7 GAS, MDO and HFO 27 September 2011 18 W rtsil Oskar Levander Dual-fuel engine characteristics High efficiency Low gas pressure Low emissions, due to: High efficiency Clean fuel Lean burn combustion Fuel flexibility Gas mode Diesel mode Three engine models W rtsil 20DF W rtsil 34DF W rtsil 50DF 27 September 2011 19 W rtsil Oskar Levander Dual-fuel engine range 0 5 10 15 34DF 20V34DF MW 12V34DF MW 9L34DF MW 6L34DF MW 16V34DF MW 18V50DF

8 MW 16V50DF MW 12V50DF MW 9L50DF MW 8L50DF MW 6L50DF MW 50DF Higher output for 60Hz / Main ENGINES 20DF 9L20DF MW 8L20DF MW 6L20DF MW 27 September 2011 20 W rtsil Oskar Levander W rtsil successfully tests new 2-stroke dual-fuel gas engine technology W rtsil Corporation, Trade & Technical press release, 23 September 2011: W rtsil successfully tests new 2-stroke dual-fuel gas engine technology to comply with IMO Tier III emission limits The on-going tests show that the W rtsil 2-stroke gas engine performance is in compliance with the upcoming IMO Tier III NOx emission limits, thereby setting a new benchmark for low-speed ENGINES running on gas.

9 27 September 2011 Oskar Levander 21 W rtsil Dual-Fuel advantages Main advantages of the Dual-Fuel 4-stroke engine compared to SG: Redundancy, backup without interruptions in power or speed. Able to operate on liquid fuel outside ECA-area (incl HFO) Simple system, no PTI/ take me home or double gas system needed. Vessel re-routing possible, gas supply not a limitation 27 September 2011 22 W rtsil Oskar Levander Dual-Fuel applications References 4 segments 140 installations > 3 000 000 running hours Power Plants DF Power Plant 49 installations 155 ENGINES Online since1997 Merchant LNGC 68 vessels 254 ENGINES 950 000 rh Conversion 1 Chem.

10 Tanker 2 ENGINES conv. Complete gas train Complete design Offshore PSVs/FPSOs 22 vessels 78 ENGINES Online from 1994 Cruise and Ferry LNG ferries 1+1 vessels 4 ENGINES per vessels Complete gas train 2800 passengers In service in 2013 Navy Costal Patrol 27 September 2011 23 W rtsil Oskar Levander The industry's most environmentally sound and energy efficient large passenger vessel to date. Main particulars: Overall length: m Breadth, moulded: m Cruising speed 22 knots Passengers: 2800 Class: LR Ice class: 1A In service: 2013 Shipyard: STX Finland Oy Ship Owner: Viking Line Viking Line 2800 Pax Cruise Ferry 27 September 2011 24 W rtsil Oskar Levander Machinery: Main ENGINES : 4 x W rtsil 8L50DF Output: 4 x 7600 kW LNGPac 200 2 x 200 m3 Integrated tank and aux.