Duck book Edited SL-new

1 Good practices in FAO. ANIMAL. PRODUCTION. planning and management AND HEALTH. PAPER. of integrated commercial poultry production 159. in South Asia by R. Prabakaran Professor of poultry Science Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Science University Tamil Nadu, India FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Rome, 2003. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

2 ISBN 92-5-105009-0. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100.

3 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to FAO 2003. Good Practices in poultry Production in South Asia iii Table of Contents Table of Contents iii Foreword iv CHAPTER 1. poultry INDUSTRY IN SOUTH ASIA 1. CHATER 2. COMMERCIAL poultry PRODUCTION 7. CHAPTER 3. CHICKEN: BROILER PRODUCTION 9. CHAPTER 4. CHICKEN: LAYER PRODUCTION 25. CHAPTER 5. poultry FEED FORMULATION AND PREPARATION 37. CHAPTER 6. poultry DISEASES AND CONTROL 53. CHAPTER 7. INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR poultry PRODUCTION 63. CHAPTER 8. RURAL poultry PRODUCTION 67.

4 CHAPTER 9. JAPANESE QUAIL, TURKEY AND duck PRODUCTION 71. CHAPTER 10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES 87. Good Practices in poultry Production in South Asia iv Foreword Commercial poultry production in South Asia is barely 40 years old although poultry raising dates back to pre-historic times. Hybrid layer strains were introduced into the sub-continent in 1955 and followed by broiler strains in 1961. Modern commercial poultry rearing was demonstrated in government farms and by state agricultural universities which popularised modern poultry production in villages throughout India and elsewhere.

5 As a result, there has been a significant growth in poultry production throughout the region. For example, in India the broiler population increased from 4 to 700 million birds between 1971 and 2000, respectively. The development of a system of partnerships between private investors, known as integrators , who provide credit and inputs to farmers who provide housing and labour has been a deciding factor in this growth of the Indian poultry industry. In 2002, FAO commissioned the Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Science (TANUVAS) in India to document the South Asian experience in developing its expanding poultry sector.

6 The result is this publication which provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of poultry production in South Asia. Topics covering both egg and broiler production are discussed in detail, as are sections on feeding and nutrition, housing, general husbandry and flock health. Institutional support, issues relating to rural poultry production, as well as some of the environmental and social consequences associated with poultry keeping are also dealt with in separate chapters. While the book concerns itself mainly with chickens there is a chapter that examines quail, turkey and duck production in the region.

7 It is expected that this publication will serve as a practical guide providing valuable information to both experienced and novice poultry producers alike, as well as for students, researchers and those involved in development in general. Good Practices in poultry Production in South Asia 1. Chapter 1. poultry Industry in South Asia poultry provides an immense supply of food for the world's population. All over the globe, poultry meat and eggs are preferred to other kinds of animal food products for a variety of reasons.

8 It is estimated that 25 percent of the world's meat supply is derived from poultry , chicken, turkey, duck , geese, domesticated quail, etc. and the proportion is increasing steadily. The trend has been more noticeable in developing countries in recent years. Even though poultry meat and eggs are consumed in both developed and developing countries and this is not discouraged by the many religious taboos, the quantity of consumption has remained much lower in developing countries in comparison to developed countries.

9 This could be partly due to eating habits as well as to the comparatively lower purchasing power of developing countries. South Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives) represent about 22 percent of the world population (Table ). However, they contribute only about 5 percent of the total egg production of the world (Table ) and even less in poultry meat production, with chicken slaughter in these countries amounting to only percent (Table ) of the chickens slaughtered in the world.

10 South Asian countries are located in the tropical region of the world and the prevailing macro-climatic conditions in these countries are not the most congenial for poultry production. Yet the growing need of the ever-increasing population in the region raises the demand for poultry products. For a long time, the bulk of this demand has been met by the native breeds of chicken and commercial poultry production with high yielding hybrid strains has only been introduced in the last 40 to 50 years. Most of the eggs and meat come from three different types of chickens taken from such stock.