ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II

1 A Course Material onENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IIByMrs. Arul selviASSISTANT PROFESSORDEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERINGSASURIE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERINGVIJAYAMANGALAM 638 056 QUALITY CERTIFICATEThis is to certify that the e-course materialSubject Code:CE2354 Subject: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IIClass:IIIYear CIVILB eing prepared by me and it meets the knowledge requirement of the university of the AuthorName:ARUL : AP/CIVILThis is to certify that the course material being prepared by selvi is of adequate has referred more than five books among the minimum one is from abroad of HDName.

2 KUMARSEALTABLE OF CONTENTSNOTITTLEPAGE NO1 Unit I planning For Sewerage Of Some Common Terms Used In TheSanitary Different Methods Of Domestic Waste Water DisposalInclude (Systems Of Sanitation) System of Partially Combined Or Partially Separate Sources of Effects Of Flow Variation On Velocity In A Of StormWater122 UNIT IISEWER DESIGN142 Learning And Step 2-Preliminary Horizontal Infiltration To Sewer Infiltration To Sewer Storm Water Design Of Sanitary Sewer Design Procedures183 Unit IIIP rimaryTreatment Of Pre-Aeration Primary Sedimentation Odour Septic Tank274 Unit IVSecondary Treatment Of The Phosphorus At Slightly Acidic Process Chemical

3 Wastewater Improved Analytical Importance Of Improved Wastewater Combined SewerOverflows (Csos), Sanitary SewerOverflows (Ssos), And Nonpoint Future Trends In Wastewater Wastewater Reclamation And Biosolids And Residuals Future Trends In Biosolids Processing43CE2354 ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERINGIILTPCOBJECTIVET oeducatethestudentsontheprinciplesanddes ignofSewageCollection,Conveyance,treatme ntanddisposalUNITIPLANNINGFORSEWERAGESYS TEMS9 Sourcesofwastewatergeneration Effects Estimationofsanitarysewageflow Estimationofstormrunoff FactorsaffectingCharacteristicsandcompos itionofsewageandtheir significance Effluentstandards Hydraulicsofflowinsewers Objectives Designperiod-Designofsanitaryand stormsewers Smallboresystems-Computerapplications Laying,joining&testingof sewers appurtenances Pumps UnitOperationandProcesses Selectionoftreatmentprocesses Onsitesanitation-Septictank.

4 Greywaterharvesting Primarytreatment Principles,functionsdesignanddrawingofsc reen,gritchambersandprimarysedimentation tanks SelectionofTreatmentMethods Principles,Functions,DesignandDrawingofU nits-ActivatedSludgeProcessandTricklingf ilter,othertreatmentmethods Oxidationditches,UASB WasteStabilizationPonds ReclamationandReuseofsewage-RecentAdvanc esinSewageTreatment ConstructionandOperation &MaintenanceofSewage dilution Selfpurificationofsurfacewaterbodies Oxygen sagcurve Landdisposal Sewagefarming Deepwellinjection Soildispersionsystem-Sludgecharacterizat ion Thickening Sludgedigestion Biogasrecovery SludgeConditioningandDewatering disposal , , ,KhannaPublishers,NewDelhi, , ,Jain, , ,EnvironmentalEngineering, ,LakshmiPublications,Newsletter, Treatment,CPHEEO,MinistryofUrbanDevelopm ent.

5 GovernmentofIndia,NewDelhi, TreatmentandReuse, ,NewDelhi,2003CE2354 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IISCE1 Department of Civil EngineeringUNITIPLANNINGFORSEWERAGESYSTE MSS ourcesofwastewatergeneration Effects Estimationofsanitarysewageflow Estimationofstormrunoff FactorsaffectingCharacteristicsandcompos itionofsewageandtheirsignificance Effluentstandards wastewater isessentiallythewatersupplyofthecommunit yafterithasbeenfouledbyavarietyofusessuc hasspentwaterfrombathroomkitchen,lavator ybasins,houseandstreetwashings,from variousindustrialprocessessemisolidwaste sofhumanandanimalexcreta,dryrefuseofhous eandstreetsweepings,brokenfurniture, ,treatmentanddisposalarenotmade, , , ,itismostessentialtocollect, , ,solidwaste,liquidorgaseousawayfromthepr emisesofdwellingsasfastas possibleafteritisproduced,toasafeplace, , , ENGINEERING IISCE2 Department of Civil EngineeringEnvironmentalEngineeringServi ces,theimportanceofseweragesystemcannotb elastsightandcannotbeallowedtolagbehind.

6 Asallthewaterusedbythecommunity hastoflowbackasthesewageloadedwiththewas tesofcommunityliving,unlessproperlycolle cted,treatedanddisposedoff,this wouldcreateaserious :Thisisthemost generaltermtoindicatethewasteswhichinclu dealltherejectsleftasworthless,sewage,su llage :Itisadryrefusewhichincludes,wastepapers ,sweepingsfromstreetsandmarkets, quicklyas :Itconsistsofsundrysolidwastesfromtheres idencies, ,paper, :Itisthedischargefromthebathrooms,kitche ns,washbasinsetc.,itdoesnotincludedischa rgefromthelavatories,hospitals,operation theaters, :Itisadilutemixtureofthewastesofvarioust ypesfromtheresidential, ,urinals,hospitals,stables, :Itisthesewageobtainedfromtheresidential buildings&industrialeffluentsestablishme nts.

7 Beingextremelyfoulitshouldbecarriedthrou gh ENGINEERING IISCE3 Department of Civil EngineeringDOMESTICSEWAGE:Itisthesewageo btainedfromthelavatorybasins,urinals&wat erclosetsofhouses,offices& greathandling& :Theentiresystemofcollecting,carrying& (DWF):Domesticsewageandindustrialsewagec ollectively, :-Aerobicbacteria:theyrequireoxygen& : ENGINEERING IISCE4 Department of Civil treatment , ofdomesticwastewaterdisposalinclude(Syst ems ofSanitation)1)CONSERVENCYSYSTEM2) excreta are collected separately in conservancylatrines.

8 Theliquid and semi liquidwastes are collected separately after removal of night soil it is taken outside the town in trucksand buried in trenches. After 2-3 years the buried night soil is converted into excellent manure. Inconservancy system sullage and storm water are carried separately in closed drains to the po intCE2354 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IISCE5 Department of Civil Engineeringof disposal where they are allowed to mix with river water without , :1)SEPARATESYSTEMOFSEWAGE2)COMBINEDSYSTE MOFSEWAGE3) ,theyaretobeconstructedawayfromlivingroo msobuildingcannotbeconstructedascompact.

9 Thereis ,thereisnosuchproblemasincaseofconservan cysystemCE2354 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IISCE6 Department of Civil EngineeringAdvantages:1)Sizeofthesewersa resmall2)Sewageloadontreatmentunitisless 3)Riversarenotpolluted4) )Seweragebeingsmall,difficultyincleaning them2)Frequentchokingproblemwillbetheir3 )Systemprovescostlyasitinvolvestwosetsof sewers4)Theuseofstormsewerisonlypartialb ecauseindryseasonthewillbeconvertedinto :1)Sizeofthesewersbeinglarge, )Itproveseconomicalas )Becauseofdilutionofsanitarysewagewithst ormwaternuisancepotentialisreducedDisadv antages:1) Size of the sewers being large, difficulty in handling and ) Load on treatment plant is unnecessarily increased3) It is uneconomical if pumping is needed because of large amount of combined ) Unnecessarily storm water is pollutedCE2354 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING IISCE7 Department of Civil :-1.

10 Duringdryweather, :-Aseparatesystemwouldbesuitableforuseun derthefollowingsituations:Whererainfalli s , ofboththesystems, ,likeIndiaandevenintemperateregions, ENGINEERING IISCE8 Department of Civil ,becausenotreatmentofstormwateris , , , , :-Sanitarysewageis ,itisusedforvariouspurposeslikebathing,u tensilcleaning,forflushing ,cinemas,hotels,railwaystations,etc., :-Sewageisadilutemixtureofthevarioustype sof wastesfromtheresidential, , ,Virus, protozoa, etc. sewage may also contain toxic or other similar materials which mighthave got entry from industrial discharges.