FAO Fisheries Circular No. 1130 Social and economic ...

1 FIAA/C1130 (En). FAO. Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular ISSN 2070-6065. Social and economic performance of tilapia farming . IN AFRICA. Main photo: Interviewing a small-scale cage farmer on Lake Volta, Ghana (Courtesy of G. Anane-Taabeah). Top-down to right: Participation of women in pond construction, Ghana (Courtesy of Frimpong); Feed pelletizing machine given by the government to cluster farmers, Kenya (Courtesy of B. Nyandat); tilapia seed production in hapas, Kenya (Courtesy of B. Nyandat); Manual feeding of tilapia ponds, Egypt (Courtesy of El-Sayed); Sorting and weighing of tilapia harvest, Egypt (Courtesy of El-Sayed); Fish vendor in a vegetable and fruit market, Egypt (Courtesy of El-Sayed); Recipe for grilled tilapia published by a magazine, Nigeria (Courtesy of Atanda).

2 FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1130 FIAA/C1130 (En). Social and economic performance of tilapia farming IN. AFRICA. Edited by Junning Cai Aquaculture Officer FAO. Rome, Italy Kwamena Quagrainie Associate Professor, Aquaculture Economics and Marketing Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. and Nathanael Hishamunda FAO Representative Haiti FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. Rome, 2017. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

3 The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-109756-4. FAO, 2017. FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO's endorsement of users' views, products or services is not implied in any way.

4 All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via or addressed to FAO information products are available on the FAO website ( ) and can be purchased through This publication has been printed using selected products and processes so as to ensure minimal environmental impact and to promote sustainable forest management. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT. The document includes five papers on tilapia farming in Africa. The papers were based on case study reports submitted by tilapia experts, including: (i) Abdel-Fattah M.

5 El-Sayed for the case of Egypt;. (ii) Emmanuel A. Frimpong and Gifty Anane-Taabeah for the case of Ghana; (iii) Charles C. Ngugi, Betty Nyandat, Julius O. Manyala and Beth Wagude for the case of Kenya; (iv) Akintunde N. Atanda and Oyedapo A. Fagbenro for the case of Nigeria; and (v) Theodora S. Hyuha and her team for the case of Uganda. In order to make the entire document more coherent and succinct, the contents in the case study reports were reorganized and condensed by the editors. Readers may contact the experts for the original reports that contain more detailed information. Alio Andrew, Ana Menezes, Audun Lem, Derun Yuan, Fu-Sung (Frank) Chiang, James Miller, Kevin Fitzsimmons, Michael Phillips, Neil Ridler, PingSun Leung, Randall Brummett, Steve Amisah, Weimin Miao, Xinhua Yuan and Yongming Yuan are acknowledged for their valuable support to organizing the studies and/or review of the papers.

6 Danielle Rizcallah, Maria Giannini and Marianne Guyonnet are acknowledged for their assistance in editing and formatting, and Ettore Vecchione is acknowledged for designing the front cover. The funding support to the case studies provided by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency through the New Partnership for Africa's Development-FAO Fish Programme is acknowledged. iv FAO. 2017. Social and economic performance of tilapia farming in Africa, edited by J. Cai, Quagrainie and N. Hishamunda. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1130. Rome, Italy. ABSTRACT. World tilapia aquaculture production grew 12 percent annually, from less than a half million tonnes in the early 1990s to over 5 million tonnes in the mid-2010s.

7 Africa accounted for 20 percent of the growth. Yet most of the contribution came from Egypt, whereas in the mid-2010s countries in sub-Saharan Africa accounted for less than 20 percent of tilapia aquaculture production in Africa and less than 4 percent of the world production. In light of the potential fish demand driven by population and economic growth in Africa where tilapia is a native species favoured by most consumers, there is little doubt that there is great potential for the development of tilapia farming in Africa and in sub-Saharan Africa in particular. However, an appropriate development policy and sector management are needed to realize the potential.

8 This collective volume includes five studies on tilapia farming in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Uganda, which together accounted for nearly 95 percent of Africa's tilapia aquaculture production in the mid-2010s. Each study provides a comprehensive account for the development of tilapia farming in the respective country with focus on the Social and economic dimensions. tilapia value chains are analysed in the context of the entire aquaculture or fish value chains from various perspectives ( technical, economic , Social and institutional). Issues, constraints and challenges are highlighted and discussed.

9 Potential solutions are recommended. Despite the vast information and knowledge provided by the studies, there are still many unknowns about tilapia farming in Africa, especially on the economic performance . Further study is needed to fill the information and knowledge gaps. v ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS. ABW average body weight BCR benefit-cost ratio BMP best/better management practice CP crude protein DSIP Development Strategy and Investment Plan EEAA Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency EIA environmental impact assessment EMCA Environmental Management and Coordination Act EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESP economic Stimulus Programme EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FCR feed conversion ratio FDF Federal Department of Fisheries FFEPP Fish farming Enterprise Productivity Programme FISH Fisheries Investment for Sustainable Harvest

10 FTE full-time equivalent g gram GAFRD General Authority for Fish Resources Development GDP gross domestic product GHC Ghanaian cedi GNADP Ghana National Aquaculture Development Plan ha hectare HACCP Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point HIV/AIDS human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome kg kilogram km kilometre KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KSh Kenya shilling LE Egyptian pound LEAD Livelihoods and Enterprises for Agricultural Development m2 square metre m3 cubic metre MAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries not applicable or not available NaFIRRI National Fisheries Resources Research Institute NEMA National Environment Management Authority NGO non-governmental organization PPP public-private partnership ppt parts per thousand RAS recirculating aquaculture system SARNISSA Sustainable Aquaculture Research Networks in sub-Saharan Africa SSA small-scale aquaculture TC total cost TFC total fixed cost TSP triple superphosphate TVC total variable cost USAID United States Agency for International Development USD/US$ United States dollar USh Uganda shilling