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Formulas, Functions and Charts

Formulas, Functions and Charts :: 167 Formulas, Functions and this leson you can enter formula and Functions and performmathematical calcualtions. You will also be able to create chartsand graphics using the data. You can specify methameticalrelationship between the numbers using the formula. Formulasare used for simple addition, subtraction, multiplication anddivision as well as for complex calculations. Functions are builtin formulaes. The users have to provide cell references andaddresses only. These are called arguments of the function andare given between the left and right going through this lesson you would be able to:luse formulaes to get the desired resultlinsert and edit picture from a fileluse functionslcreate varioius chartsldraw graphics using clip :: Data Entry AND FUNCTIONSTo manipulate data and to extract useful information from Excelworksheets, formulas and worksheet Functions play veryimportant role.

Formulas, Functions and Charts :: 177 8.4 CHARTS Charts allow you to present data entered into the worksheet in a visual format using a variety of graph types. Before you can make a chart, you must first enter data into a worksheet. This section explains how you can create simple charts from the data.

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Transcription of Formulas, Functions and Charts

1 Formulas, Functions and Charts :: 167 Formulas, Functions and this leson you can enter formula and Functions and performmathematical calcualtions. You will also be able to create chartsand graphics using the data. You can specify methameticalrelationship between the numbers using the formula. Formulasare used for simple addition, subtraction, multiplication anddivision as well as for complex calculations. Functions are builtin formulaes. The users have to provide cell references andaddresses only. These are called arguments of the function andare given between the left and right going through this lesson you would be able to:luse formulaes to get the desired resultlinsert and edit picture from a fileluse functionslcreate varioius chartsldraw graphics using clip :: Data Entry AND FUNCTIONSTo manipulate data and to extract useful information from Excelworksheets, formulas and worksheet Functions play veryimportant role.

2 In Excel, formulas are used to calculate resultsfrom the worksheet data. When there is some change in the data,such formulas automatically calculate the updated results withno extra efforts on the part of the user. There is a new featureintroduced by Excel 2007, which enables you to create formulaswhich use columns names from a table, when you are workingwith table. This feature helps the user to make formulas mucheasier to formula can have any or all of the following elementslMust begin with the 'equal to' = operators, such as + (for addition) and / (fordivision) and logical operators such as <, >lReferences of cell (including named ranges and cells)lText or ValueslFunctions related to the worksheets, for example SUM orAVERAGEThe current cell in which you have entered a formula will displaythe result after the formula is completely entered.

3 Also, when youselect or click on a cell which is having some formula, the formulawill appear in the formula Excel 2007, the formulas are available in the Formulas Tab. Ifyou click on the Formulas tab, you can see the correspondingribbon display with available formulas, as shown , Functions and Charts :: 169 Following are a few examples of formulas:Fig. the above example, in the cell F3, just type = B3+C3+D3+ will return sum of the marks in physics, chemistry, maths :: Data Entry OperationsCopying a formulaIn above exaple just drag the handle and bring down to cover theremaining cells in the column total. This will automatically copythe formula and calculate the corresponding sum of therespective rows of the other other examples of formulaes:If A1 = 2, B1 = 3, C1 = 4, D1 = 5 then(i)= B1 * C1 will give result as 3 * 4 = 12(ii)= A1 * B1 C1 + D1 will give result as 2 * 3 4 + 5 = 7(iii)= ((A1 * B1) + C1)/D1 will give result as ((2 * 3) + 4)/5= (6 + 4)/5 = 10/5 = 2 Auto sum featureThe sum of cell values can also be done with the help of AutoSumfeature steps explains how to do on the cell the Formulas tablClick AutoSum from the function library , Functions and Charts :: 171lSelect SumlPress EnterAlternatively, you can write = SUM(B3.)

4 E3) in the Cell F3 to getthe sum of the Physics, Chemistry, Maths and English illustration is shown below:Fig. from sum there are other Functions also, like average, CountNumbers, Max, Min and many other :: Data Entry OperationsFig. ( ) : Adds all the numbers in a range of SUM(number1,number2, ..)Maximum number of arguments can be 255 number1,number2 .. function is having different forms. You can choose as peryour (range, criteria, sum_range) : This form of sum functionsis used to add the cells with respective to a given : A group of adjacent cellsFormulas, Functions and Charts :: 173 Cells within a range must be numbers or names, arrays, orreferences which are having numbers. In sumif function theblank and text values are : It can be a number, expression, or text to define whichcells will be considered for the addition criteria can be fixedas 12, 12 , >12 , or mangoes.

5 Sum_range: These are the actual cells to be added if theircorresponding cells in range match criteria. In case thesum_range is avoided, then the cells in range are both evaluatedby criteria and added if they match above examples, the function SUMIF adds only those valuesin the cells (B3, E3) which are greater than 99. , it will add thevalues from cells D3 and E3 only and hence the result is 100 +100 = 2000 Fig. :: Data Entry OperationsAverage function ( ) : It helps you to get the average of thenumbers. It returns the average (arithmetic mean) of : AVERAGE(number, number2,..)Maximum number of arguments can be 255 number1,number2 .. function ( ) : It helps you to get the minimum of the smallest number in a set of values.

6 SyntaxMIN(number1,number2,..)Maximum number of arguments can be 255 number1,number2 .. number255 Fig. , Functions and Charts :: 175 Max function ( ) : It helps you to get the maximum of thenumbers. Returns the largest number in a set of values. SyntaxMAX(number1,number2,..)Maximum number of arguments can be 255 number1,number2 .. drag the handle of cells G3,H3,I3,J3 to cover each row of therespective column. You can see the corresponding Functions areautomatically copied in the respective columns and automaticallyvalues are calculated. See the figure :: Data Entry OperationsTo use more functionslSelect Formula TablChoose AutoSum from function library group, from formularibbonlClick on More as shown you click on more Functions , a dialog box will appear asshown below.

7 You can choose a function as per your need by thehelp of following dialog , Functions and Charts :: CHARTSC harts allow you to present data entered into the worksheet in avisual format using a variety of graph types. Before you can makea chart , you must first enter data into a worksheet. This sectionexplains how you can create simple Charts from the Charts come in various types for diverse goals, rangingfrom columns to pies, from lines to surfaces, Types of ChartMicrosoft Office Excel 2007 provides various types of Charts tohelp you to display data in different ways as per the need of theviewers. You can create a new chart or can change the existingchart, from the wide range of chart subtypes available for eachtype of available chart types as given belowColumn ChartsThis type of chart is used to compare values across give very effective results to analyze the data of the samecategory on a defined ChartsData represented in columns or rows in a worksheet can beplotted with the help of line chart .

8 Line Charts can be used todisplay continuous data over time with respect to a commonscale. Thus Line Charts are best suitable for viewing data trendsat equal intervals of time. The horizontal axis is used to representthe category data and all the value data is distributed uniformlyalong the vertical chartsIn a situation where one has to show the relative proportions orcontributions to a whole, a pie chart is very useful. In case of piechart only one data series is used. Small number of data points178 :: Data Entry Operationsadds more to the effectiveness of pie Charts . Generally thereshould be maximum five or six data points or slices in a pie the points are more in number then it becomes very difficultto interpret the , it is very important to note that the values of to be used inthe pie chart must be all positive.

9 If there are some negativevalues, in that case the negative values will be automaticallyconverted in to positive values, this will be ChartsBar Charts are used to show comparisons between individualitems. To make a bar chart the data should be arranged in theform of rows and columns on a ChartsThe data which is arranged in the form of rows or columns on aworksheet can be plotted in an area chart . Area Charts are usedto highlight the degree of a change over time. Area Charts are alsoused to draw attention to the total value across a (Scatter) chartsXY Charts are also known by other names like scatter grams orscatter plots. The point of difference between XY Charts and othertypes of Charts is that in XY Charts both axes display values have no category axis.

10 Such type of Charts is generally usedto show the relationship among two chartsStock chart can be used to plot data arranged in columns or rowsin a particular order on a worksheet. As the name is selfexplanatory, this chart is used to demonstrate the fluctuationswith respect to stock market prices. Even scientific data can beFormulas, Functions and Charts :: 179plotted by stock chart , , the fluctuation of daily or periodictemperature. The data must be arranged in a correct order togenerate stock Charts . Say, for example to make a simple high-low-close stock chart one should organize his/her data with High,Low and Closed entered as the headings of the columns in therespective chartsSuch type of chart is used in situations where both categories anddata series are numeric values.


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