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GRADED RINGS AND MODULES

A graded ring R is called nonnegatively graded (or N- graded) if Rn = 0 for all n 0. A non-zero element x 2 Rn is called a homogeneous element of R of degree n. Remark 1.1. If R = Rn is a graded ring, then R0 is a subring of R, 1 2 R0 and Rn is an R0-module for all n. proof. As R0 R0 R0, R0 is closed under multiplication and thus is a subring ...

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