Guidance for Industry - Trends

1 Guidance for IndustryImmediate Release Solid OralDosage FormsScale-Up and PostapprovalChanges: Chemistry,Manufacturing, and Controls, InVitro Dissolution Testing, andIn Vivo BioequivalenceDocumentationCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)November 1995 CMC 5 TABLE OF OF OF AND COMPOSITION .. IN BATCH SIZE (SCALE-UP/SCALE-DOWN).. VITRO VIVO BIOEQUIVALENCE A: NARROW THERAPEUTIC RANGE DRUGS .. A-1 This Guidance has been prepared by the Immediate Release Scale-up and Post1 Approval Change (SUPAC) Expert Working Group of the Chemistry ManufacturingControls Coordinating Committee (CMC CC) of the Center for Drug Evaluation andResearch at the Food and Drug Administration. This Guidance is an informalcommunication under 21 CFR (b)(9) that reflects the best judgment of CDER employees at this time.

2 It does not create or confer any rights, privileges or benefits foror on any person, nor does it operate to bind or obligate FDA in any way. For additionalcopies of this Guidance contact the Consumer Affairs Branch (formerly the ExecutiveSecretariat Staff), HFD-8, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 7500 StandishPlace, Rockville, MD 20855 (Phone: 301-594-1012). An electronic version of thisguidance is also available via Internet by connecting to the CDER file transfer protocol(FTP) server ( ). Guidance FOR INDUSTRY1 IMMEDIATE RELEASE SOLID ORAL DOSAGE FORMSSCALE-UP AND POSTAPPROVAL CHANGES:CHEMISTRY, MANUFACTURING, AND CONTROLS,IN VITRO DISSOLUTION TESTING,AND IN VIVO BIOEQUIVALENCE OF GUIDANCEThis Guidance provides recommendations to sponsors of new drug applications(NDA's), abbreviated new drug applications (ANDA's), and abbreviatedantibiotic applications (AADA's) who intend, during the postapproval period, tochange: 1) the components or composition; 2) the site of manufacture; 3) thescale-up/scale-down of manufacture; and/or 4) the manufacturing (process andequipment) of an immediate release oral formulation.

3 This Guidance is the result of: 1) a workshop on the scale-up of immediaterelease drug products conducted by the American Association ofPharmaceutical Scientists in conjunction with the United States PharmacopoeialConvention and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 2) researchconducted by the University of Maryland at Baltimore on the chemistry,manufacturing and controls of immediate release drug products under theFDA/University of Maryland Manufacturing Research Contract; 3) the drugcategorization research conducted at the University of Michigan and theUniversity of Uppsala on the permeability of drug substances; and 4) the Scale- See Workshop Report: Scale-up of Immediate Release Oral Solid Dosage Forms,2 Pharmaceutical Research, 10 (2): 313-316, Skelly et al; and Federal Register.

4 Vol. 59,No. 183, Thursday, September 22, 1994, pages and Post Approval Changes (SUPAC) Task Force which was established bythe Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) Chemistry, Manufacturingand Controls Coordinating Committee to develop Guidance on scale-up andother postapproval changes. The Guidance defines: 1) levels of change; 2) recommended chemistry,manufacturing, and controls tests for each level of change; 3) in vitro dissolutiontests and/or in vivo bioequivalence tests for each level of change; and 4)documentation that should support the change. For those changes filed in a changes being effected supplement [21 CFR (c)], the FDA may, after areview of the supplemental information, decide that the changes are notapprovable.

5 This Guidance thus sets forth application information that should beprovided to CDER to assure continuing product quality and performancecharacteristics of an immediate release solid oral dose formulation for specifiedpostapproval changes. This Guidance does not comment on or otherwise affectcompliance/inspection documentation that has been defined by CDER s Officeof Compliance or FDA s Office of Regulatory Affairs. This Guidance does notaffect any postapproval changes other than the ones specified. For changesnot addressed in this Guidance , or for multiple changes submitted at one time orover a short period of time, or where the number of batches needed for stabilitytesting is not specified, sponsors should contact the appropriate CDER reviewdivision or consult other CDER guidances/guidelines to obtain information abouttests and application CFR (a) provides that applicants may make changes to an approvedapplication in accordance with a guideline, notice, or regulation published in theFEDERAL REGISTER that provides for a less burdensome notification of thechange (for example, by notification at the time a supplement is submitted or inthe next annual report).

6 This Guidance permits less burdensome notice ofcertain postapproval changes within the meaning of (a).For postapproval changes for immediate release dosage forms that affectcomponents and composition, scale-up, site change, and manufacturingprocess or equipment changes, this Guidance supersedes the recommendationsin section of the Office of Generic Drugs Policy and Procedure Guide 22-90(September 11, 1990). For all other dosage forms and changes, this guidancedoes not affect the recommendations in Guide OF TERMS23 specific quantity of a drug or other material produced according to asingle manufacturing order during the same cycle of manufacture andintended to have uniform character and quality, within specified limits [21 CFR (b)(2)].

7 CampusContinuous or unbroken site or a set of buildings in adjacent city TestingCase A:Dissolution of Q = 85% in 15 minutes in 900 milliliters (mL)of hydrochloride (HCl), using the United StatesPharmacopeia (USP) <711> Apparatus 1 at 100 revolutionsper minute (rpm) or Apparatus 2 at 50 B:Multi-point dissolution profile in the application/compendialmedium at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes or until anasymptote is reached for the proposed and currentlyaccepted C:Multi-point dissolution profiles performed in water, HCl,and USP buffer media at pH , , and (five separateprofiles) for the proposed and currently acceptedformulations. Adequate sampling should be performed at15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes until either 90% of drugfrom the drug product is dissolved or an asymptote isreached.

8 A surfactant may be used with appropriatejustification. ProductA drug product is a finished dosage form ( , tablet, capsule, orsolution) that contains a drug substance, generally, but not necessarily, inassociation with one or more other ingredients [21 CFR (b)]. A solidoral dosage form includes tablets, chewable tablets, capsules, and softgelatin SubstanceAn active ingredient that is intended to furnish pharmacological activity orother direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, orprevention of a disease, or to affect the structure of any function of thehuman body, but does not include intermediates used in the synthesis ofsuch ingredient [21 CFR (b)]. or non-automated, mechanical or non-mechanical equipmentused to produce the drug product, including equipment used to packagethe drug listing of the ingredients and composition of the dosage form.

9 Containing scientific data and expert professional judgment tosubstantiate Drug SubstanceAny substance that, when used in the manufacture, processing, orpacking of a drug, causes that drug to be a new drug, but does notinclude intermediates used in the synthesis of such substance [21 (g)]. PrincipleRules or concepts governing the operation of the ScaleThe manufacture of either drug substance or drug product by a procedurefully representative of and simulating that used for full manufacturingscale. For solid oral dosage forms this is generally taken to be, at a minimum,one-tenth that of full production, or 100,000 tablets or capsules,whichever is larger (see the FEDERAL REGISTER of Thursday,September 22, 1994, 59 FR 48754-59).

10 Series of operations and/or actions used to produce a desired extent to which or the limits between which acceptable variationexists. in kind, amount; unchanged in character or condition. process of increasing the batch process of decreasing the batch a general body of informationA significant body of information on the stability of the drug product islikely to exist after five years of commercial experience for new molecularentities, or three years of commercial experience for new dosage forms. through documented evidence a high degree of assurancethat a specific process will consistently produce a product that meets itspredetermined specifications and quality attributes. A validatedmanufacturing process is one that has been proven to do what it purportsor is represented to do.