International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol

1 International PerformanceMeasurement & Verification ProtocolConcepts and Options forDetermining Energy and Water SavingsVolume IRevised March PerformanceMeasurement & Verification ProtocolConcepts and Options forDetermining Energy and Water SavingsVolume IRevised March 2002 DOE/GO-102002-1554 International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol copies available, in limited quantities, from the Energy Efficiencyand Renewable Energy Clearinghouse at report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United Statesgovernment. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees,makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or representsthat its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

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3 On paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste i Table of Contents Table of Contents.. iAcknowledgements .. vPreface.. 1 Chapter 1: Introduction .. 5 Overview .. Why Measure And Verify? .. Role of Protocol .. Audience for Protocol .. IPMVP Role In International Climate Change Mitigation .. Relationship to Programs .. 10 ASHRAE Guideline 14 .. 10 Federal Energy Management Program.. 11 State Performance Contracting Programs .. 11 Environmental Evaluation Initiatives in .. 12 Chapter 2: The Importance of M&V in Financing Energy and Water Efficiency.

4 13 Financing Energy and Water Efficiency .. Definition and Role of Performance Contracts .. Financial Risk Measurement .. Ability to Pay .. Construction Risks .. Performance Risks .. 16 Chapter 3: Basic Concepts and Methodology .. 17 Introduction .. Basic Approach .. M&V Plan .. Methods .. Option A: Partially Measured Retrofit Isolation .. Option A: Isolation Metering.. Option A: Measurement vs. Stipulation .. Installation Verification .. Option A: Measurement Interval .. Option A: Sampling .. 25 ii Table of Contents Option A: Uncertainty.. Option A: Cost.

5 Option A: Best Applications .. Option B: Retrofit Isolation .. Option B: Best Applications .. Option C: Whole Building .. Option C: Energy Data.. Option C: Energy Invoices .. Option C: Independent Variables.. Option C: Data Analysis and Models .. Option C: Computation of Routine Adjustments .. Option C: Cost .. Option C: Best Applications .. Option D: Calibrated Simulation .. Option D: Types of Simulation Programs.. Option D: Calibration .. Option D: Best Applications .. Adherence with IPMVP .. 35 Chapter 4: Common Issues .. 37 Factors Affecting Savings Performance .. Evaluating Savings Uncertainty.

6 Minimum Energy Standards .. Minimum Operating Conditions .. Energy Prices .. Verification by a Third Party .. Data for Emission Trading .. Baseline Adjustments (Non-Routine) .. Weather Data .. Cost .. Balancing Uncertainty and Cost .. 43 Chapter 5: Measurement Issues .. 45 Using Utility Meters .. Electric Demand .. Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques .. Calibration of Instrumentation .. 45 Table of Contents iii Table of Contents Data Collection Errors and Lost Data .. Use of Energy Management Systems for Data Collection .. 46 Chapter 6: Definitions and References.

7 49 Definitions .. References .. Sources .. 55 Appendix A: Examples.. 57 Option A Example: Lighting Efficiency Retrofit .. 57 Option B Example: Boiler Replacement .. 62 Option C Example: Whole Building Multiple ECM Project .. 64 Option D Example: Calibrated Simulation Multiple ECM Project .. 70 Appendix B: Uncertainty .. 75 Introduction .. 75 Combining Components of Uncertainty .. 77 Establishing a Level of Quantifiable Uncertainty.. 78 Appendix C: Measurement Techniques .. 81 Electricity.. 81 Runtime.. 82 Temperature .. 82 Humidity .. 83 Flow .. 83 Pressure .. 85 Thermal Energy .. 85 v Acknowledgements P ARTICIPATING O RGANIZATIONSB razil Institute Nacional De Eficiencia Energetica (INEE) Ministry of Mines and Energy Bulgaria Bulgarian Foundation for Energy Efficiency (EnEffect) Canada Canadian Association of Energy Service Companies (CAESCO) Natural Resources Canada (NRC) China State Economic and Trade Commission Beijing Energy Efficiency Center (BECON) Czech Republic Stredisko pro Efektivni Vyuzivani Energie (SEVEn7) India Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) Japan Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) Korea Korea Energy Management Corporation (KEMCO)

8 Mexico Comision Nacional Para El Ahorro De Energia (CONAE) Fideicomiso De Apoyo Al Programa De Ahorro De Energia Del Sector Electrico (FIDE) Poland The Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency (FEWE) Russia Center for Energy Efficiency (CENEf) Sweden Swedish National Board for Technical and Urban Development Ukraine Agency for Rational Energy Use and Ecology (ARENA - ECO) United Kingdom Association for the Conservation of Energy United States American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) Association of Energy Services Professionals (AESP) Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) National Association of Energy Service Companies (NAESCO) National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO) National Realty Association Department of Energy (DOE) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) vi Acknowledgements I NTERNATIONAL P ERFORMANCE M EASUREMENT AND V ERIFICATION P ROTOCOL C OMMITTEES 1 E XECUTIVE C OMMITTEE 1 Gregory Kats (Chair), Department of Energy, USA2 Jim Halpern (Vice Chair), Measuring and Monitoring Services Inc.

9 , USA3 John Armstrong, Hagler Bailly Services, USA4 Flavio Conti, European Commission, Italy5 Drury Crawley, US Department of Energy, USA6 Dave Dayton, HEC Energy, USA7 Adam Gula, Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency, Poland8 Shirley Hansen, Kiona International , USA9 Leja Hattiangadi, TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, India10 Maury Hepner, Enron Energy Services, USA11 Chaan-min Lin, Hong Kong Productivity Council, Hong Kong12 Arthur Rosenfeld, California Energy Commission, USA T ECHNICAL C OMMITTEE 1 John Cowan (Co-chair and Technical Editor), Cowan Quality Buildings, Canada2 Steve Kromer (Co-chair), Enron Energy Services, USA3 David E. Claridge, Texas A & M University, USA4 Ellen Franconi, Schiller Associates, USA5 Jeff S.

10 Haberl, Texas A & M University, USA6 Maury Hepner, Enron Energy Services, USA7 Satish Kumar, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA8 Eng Lock Lee, Supersymmetry Services Pvt. Ltd., Singapore9 Mark Martinez, Southern California Edison, USA10 David McGeown, NewEnergy, Inc., USA11 Steve Schiller, Schiller Associates, USA 1. IPMVP Committee members - about 150 in all - are directly responsible for the content of the Protocol . Anadditional approximately equal number of International experts served as advisors and reviewers and al-though there is not enough space to list them all here, their guidance and assistance is gratefully acknowl-edged. Committee members for the Adjustments, IEQ, New Buildings, Renewable Energy, and WaterCommittees are listed in Volumes II and III and on the IPMVP Web site.