放射光の考古学への応用 - jssrr.jp

1 162 8601 1 3 TEL: 03 3260 3662 FAX: 03 3235 2214 E-mail: inakai ( ) Application of Synchrotron Radiation in ArchaeologyIzumi NAKAID epartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Science University of TokyoAbstractThis paper reports current status of archaeological application of synchrotron radiation(SR). The advantages of SR inarchaeological research and various application possibilities of X-ray powder di raction(XPD), X-ray uorescence(XRF)and X-ray absorption ne structure(XAFS)analyses of objects and materials of cultural heritage value aredemonstrated through a number of case studies from literatures.

2 They include XPD characterizations of Egyptian cosmet-ic powder, Attic Black Gloss, and pigments in Gothic altarpieces, provenance analysis of Old-Kutani china wares by highenergy XRF, and XAFS analyses to reveal origin of red color in Satsuma copper-ruby glass and role of iron in Maya blue.. 10 1.

3 2. 3. 1 1) (C) 2002 The Japanese Society for Synchrotron Radiation Research ( ).

4 1990 Daresbury APS ESRF 1987 X 2 5) Daresbury SRS Pantos 6) 1.

5 X XAFS X X CT 2. X 1 3. X 4. 1. 2. 3.. X PTC mm 1.

6 2 X X X Kb Ka1 Ka2 2. u 0 X 3. Figure 1. Analysis of cosmetic powders. a, SR X-ray di raction patterns for powder sample 4. Circles, experimentaldata points; top trace, calculated by Rietveld re nement; bottom trace, di erence.

7 B, SEM micrograph of samples of lead and chloride are aggregated with cubic crystals of galena that have well developed faces free of altera-tion. Scale bar, 20mm. c, SEM of sample 5. Laurionite grains have a ne morphology, Scale bar, 2mm8).Table 1. Proportion of the four main mineral phases8)SampleGalena Cerussite PhosgeniteLaurionite110025013 3732848 2444327 29 151272 16662281072425 16 35 Data were obtained by Rietveld re nement of the SR powder di rac-tion patterns. The samples were taken from containers made ofalabaster(samples1,5,6and7)and reed(samples 2, 3 and 4). ( ) 4.

8 X 5. CCD IP IP mm 1 5mm 3 IP 7) . 8) SEM EDX, GC MAS 2000 1200 7 Touti 1900 18 ESRF BM16 Orsay LURE PbS PbCO3 Pb(OH)Cl Pb2Cl2CO3 4 SEM Fig.

9 1 4 Table 1 Figure 2. Photograph of the instrument with Hart-Parrishdi raction geometry. A large fragment of Attic pottery is attachedto 3. XRD pattern of the gloss surface(A)AT2 and(B)AT3 collected at The black trace is experimentaldata and the bars are ICDD PDF reference data(quartz, hercynite, magnetite, hematite, maghemite, ferrian spinel)9). ( ) 8 Fig.

10 1b SEM PbO NaCl wetchemistry 7 BC2500 BC2000 . 9) Daresbury AT1,AT2, AT3 3 BC425 400 Fig.