KINESIOLOGY CH 11 Movement Intelligence.ppt

1 1 CHAPTER11 Movement Intelligence:A Vast Store of Motor ProgramsKinesiology Books Publisher1 What Is Movement Intelligence? Underlying Motor AbilitiesUnderstanding Skill Skill as a Task Skill as Quality of Performance Characteristics of Skills Classification of SkillsDeveloping Motor Programs Generalized Motor Programs Motor Programs and Movement IntelligenceTABLE OFCONTENTSK inesiology Books Publisher2 Underlying Motor AbilitiesWHATISMOVEMENTINTELLIGENCE?Kine siology Books Publisher32No mater what the level of ability, you have more potential than you can ever develop in a T. MCCAYK inesiology Books Publisher4 Movement intelligence An repertoire of Movement experiences developed since birth Does not refer to any specific ability A proficiency in performing a variety of different skills Continually being enhanced, revised and adapted Improves the way we live in important waysKinesiology Books Publisher5 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher63 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher7 Movement Intelligence DevelopmentOpportunitiesStimulationEncou ragementLearning progressionEquipment availabilityINHERITANCE OF MOTOR ABILITIESUNDERLYINGMOTORABILITIESK inesiology Books Publisher8 Motor abilities An enduring and stable traits that are the foundation for skill development and Movement intelligence Hardware that learners bring to learning environment Tools we use in a variety of combinations to develop and perform motor skillsKinesiology Books Publisher94 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher10 HOWMANYMOTORABILITIESARETHERE?

2 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher11 Over 20 motor abilities revealed up to date Perceptual motor abilities Spatial awareness, coincident timing, and reaction time Physical Proficiency abilities Balance, coordination, speed, agility, strength, and flexibility The search is far from over; more research expected to identify new abilitiesWHYDOPEOPLEEXCELATCERTAINACTIVI TIES? KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher12 Depends upon strengths and weaknesses of one s inherited motor abilities sculling versus hockey5 WHOAREALL-AROUNDATHLETES? KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher13 Individuals who possess strong abilities that underlie many sports in which they excel Differ from average individuals in number of abilities in which they excelCANPRACTICEIMPROVEMOTORABILITIES?Ki nesiology Books Publisher14 Motor abilities are genetically determined and relatively stable Many coaches believe, based on long-term experience that intensive ability-specific practice may improve motor abilities , countless speed drills to enhance reaction time of hockey goaliesKinesiology Books Publisher156 Nothing is impossible; we merely do not know yet how to do it.

3 HENRY ADAMSK inesiology Books Publisher16 Skill as a Task Skill as Quality of Performance Characteristics of Skills Classification of SkillsUNDERSTANDINGSKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher17 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher18 Motor abilities are the foundation of motor skills 7 SKILL AS ATASKK inesiology Books Publisher19 An action or task that requires voluntary body or limb Movement to achieve a goal Must be learned , serving in table tennis The ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimization of energy (or time and energy)SKILL AS AQUALITY OFPERFORMANCEK inesiology Books Publisher20 MAXIMUMCERTAINTYK inesiology Books Publisher21 Attaining the performance goal with maximum certainty Element of luck is not involved Therefore, done consistently; not on occasion8 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher22 MINIMIZATION OFENERGYK inesiology Books Publisher23 If energy is conserved, skilled individual can Use the energy when most needed Pace themselves for longer periods of time Don t run out of gas Less burden on physiological and psychological processes Mora attention can be directed on creativity and tacticsMINIMUMTIMEK inesiology Books Publisher24 Skilled performance is accomplished in minimum time , 100-metre race or slap shot in hockey Not important in all skills.

4 Such as archery9 CHARACTERISTIC OFSKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher25 Organization and sequence are essential in developing the ability to perform skilled movementsHIERARCHICALORGANIZATION OFSKILLK inesiology Books Publisher26 Levels of skill hierarchy Executive program Occupies the top Acts as a goal of a skill Directs the skill Depends upon the sequential execution of subroutines Subroutines Isolated components or phases of movements Carry out the executive plan Fixed and automatic at the lowest level and once sequence is established) KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher2710 SERIALNATURE OFSKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher28 Subroutines must follow a particular sequence for the executive program to be successfully carried out Executive plan directs the ordering of these phases for smooth performance A coordinated, sequential Movement is easily distinguished from awkward, uncoordinated Movement KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher29 TEMPORALPATTERNINGK inesiology Books Publisher30 The capacity of the performer to integrate the sequential organization of a Movement pattern More complicated that simply chaining together separate activities in an isolated fashion Subroutines are connected smoothly so that skill in executed in a flowing and coordinated fashion Inexperienced performer will execute jerky movements versus skilled performer with have an effective rhythm and efficient movements11 CLASSIFICATION OF SKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher31 Classification allows for a deeper understanding of skills and can effect structuring of the learning environment Traditionally activities were classified Team vs.

5 Individual Summer vs. winter Water vs. land Contact vs. non-contact Effective way to classify motor skills is based on the environment and its effect on learning and executing skillsCLOSEDSKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher32 Skills for which the environment remains stable and predictable Performed under constant and relatively unchanging conditions The Movement itself is often the goal of the skill Learned by repeating particular Movement pattern with minimal variation , gymnastic routinesCLOSEDSKILLS: TEACHINGSTRATEGIESK inesiology Books Publisher33 Selected Movement patter needs to be repeated consistently without allowing external influences to affect the performance Student must learn to bloc out external distractions Proprioceptive feedback (or muscle sense) is especially important for learning closed skills Teachers must select proper routines and proved appropriate feedback 12 OPENSKILLSK inesiology Books Publisher34 Skills for which the environment is variable and unpredictable Responses cannot be made effectively too far in advance Movements made by the performance reflect the changing environment Demand that performers adapt, anticipate and remain flexible in their responses , basketball throwOPENSKILLS.

6 UNCERTAINTIESK inesiology Books Publisher35 A range of uncertainties make open skills challenging Response uncertainty Due to opponent s changing intentions Spatial uncertainty Due to changing location of objects or opponents Temporal uncertainty Due to external forces pacing the skill Tactical uncertainty Due to own and other team s tacticsKinesiology Books Publisher3613 OPEN-CLOSEDCONTINUUMK inesiology Books Publisher37 Many skills are neither completely open or closed , Golfer swing Some skills may be closed in one situation and open in another , skiing alone versus with others on the slope Therefore open-closed classification is must be considered on a continuum with varying degrees of environmental predictabilityKinesiology Books Publisher38 LEARNINGPROGRESSIONALONGTHECONTINUUMK inesiology Books Publisher39 Open skills can be simplified by performing them initially in a closed environment with few uncertainties Reducing the demands of certain task components may serve to reduce the complexity of the skill and environmental uncertainties14 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher40 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher41 Generalized Motor Programs Motor Programs and Movement IntelligenceDEVELOPINGMOTORPROGRAMSK inesiology Books Publisher4215 Motor programs are blueprints that act as a set of pre-structured muscle commands When developed.

7 Allow the performer to carry out skills automatically Emerge as a result of learning Developed for every Movement or generalizedGENERALIZEDMOTORPROGRAMSK inesiology Books Publisher44 Consist of stored movements pattern but the structure is abstract Parametersspecify Order of movements Duration of Movement Temporal patterning Spatial and temporal order Once become well established, they form the basis for automatic and spontaneous movements Regardless of conditions and environments We all have the capacity to perform the same motor skills to varying degrees Well-developed Movement intelligence allow performance of a great variety of skills Skills share common characteristics, and also have unique differences that influence learning and performance A certain set of abilities are used to perform skills, which eventually lead to the development of motor programsMOTORDEVELOPMENTK inesiology Books Publisher4516 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher46 KINESIOLOGY Books Publisher47 MOTORPROGRAMS& MOVEMENTINTELLIGENCEK inesiology Books Publisher48 Movement intelligence can be thought of as a vast store or library of motor programs that have been established as a result of learning a variety of skills Motor programs can be inferred by observing the skills and Movement patters we are capable of performing and can be regarded as blueprints The degree of motor intelligence you possess has a bearing on your proficiency in sports17 They know enough who know how to ADAMSK inesiology Books Publisher49