MALAYSIA - UNFCCC

1 MALAYSIA THIRD BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT TO THE UNFCCC MALAYSIA THIRD BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT TO THE UNFCCC This is MALAYSIA s Third Biennial Update Report submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in December 2020. Ministry of Environment and Water Block F11, Complex F Lebuh Perdana Timur, Precinct 1 Federal Government Administrative Centre 62000 Putrajaya, MALAYSIA This report may only be reproduced in whole or part in any form for education or non-profit use, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made.

2 This is not the printed version of the report. Contents Table of Contents i List of Figures iv List of Tables v List of Tables for Technical Annex vii Units x Chemical Elements x Gases x Conversion Table x List of Acronyms xi Foreword xv Executive Summary xvi i Table of Contents 1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES .. 1 Introduction .. 1 Geography: Location and Topography .. 1 Climate Governance .. 2 Climate .. 2 Annual Temperature Trends for MALAYSIA .. 2 Annual Rainfall Distribution .. 6 Forest and Biodiversity .. 7 Forests .. 7 Biodiversity .. 8 Water Resources.

3 10 Economy .. 10 Gross Domestic Product and Gross National Income .. 10 International Trade .. 11 Energy Sector .. 12 Energy 12 Energy Balance .. 12 Renewable Energy .. 15 Agriculture .. 16 Agricultural Crops .. 16 Livestock .. 16 Solid Waste .. 17 Summary of Key Statistics .. 19 Institutional Arrangements .. 20 Restructuring of ministries between 2018 and 2020 .. 20 Policy-making .. 20 Development Planning and Implementation .. 20 Guidance and Reporting .. 23 The National Steering Committee on Climate Change (NSCCC) .. 23 The National Steering Committee and Technical Working Committee for REDD plus.

4 24 The National Committee on Clean Development Mechanism .. 24 ii 2. GHG INVENTORY .. 25 Introduction .. 25 Methodologies and Coverage .. 25 Sources of Activity Data and Emission Factors .. 27 Quality Assurance and Quality Control Arrangements .. 28 Archiving and Documentation .. 30 Summary of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals for 2016 .. 30 Reference and Sectoral Approaches for Energy Sector .. 30 Major Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals .. 30 Major Sources of Carbon Dioxide Emissions .. 32 Major Sources of Methane Emissions .. 33 Major Sources of Nitrous Oxide Emissions.

5 33 Key Categories of Emissions and Uncertainty Assessment .. 34 Key Category Analysis .. 34 Uncertainty Analysis .. 40 Sectoral Time Series of Greenhouse Gas Emissions .. 41 Emissions from Energy Sector .. 41 Emissions from Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector .. 42 Emissions from Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Sector .. 43 Emissions from Agriculture Sector .. 44 Emissions from Waste Sector .. 44 Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Years 1994, 2000, 2005, 2011, 2014 and 2016 .. 45 Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity Indices .. 46 GHG Inventory Improvement Plan.

6 47 3. MITIGATION ACTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS .. 49 Introduction .. 49 Summary of Emissions Avoidance Achieved .. 49 Details of Mitigation Actions .. 50 Energy Sector .. 50 Renewable Energy (RE) .. 50 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) .. 50 Green Building Rating Scheme .. 52 Urban Rail-based Public Transport .. 52 Energy Efficient Vehicles (EEVs) .. 53 Palm oil-based fatty acid methyl ester (Biodiesel) .. 53 Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) .. 53 Oil and Gas Operations .. 54 iii Waste Sector .. 54 Waste Paper Recycling .. 54 Biogas Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Effluent.

7 54 Industrial Processes and Product Use .. 54 Agriculture .. 55 Forestry .. 55 Mitigation Actions and Implementation Key Enablers at National and Sub-National Levels ..56 Power Sector Development Plan .. 56 Green Technology Financing Scheme (GTFS) .. 56 Green Investment Tax Allowances (GITA) and Green Income Tax Exemption (GITE) ..57 Low Carbon Cities Framework (LCCF) .. 57 Government Green Procurement .. 57 International Market Mechanism .. 70 Clean Development Mechanism .. 70 Voluntary Carbon Market .. 72 4. LEVEL OF SUPPORT RECEIVED, CONSTRAINTS, GAPS AND NEEDS.

8 73 Introduction .. 73 Level of Support Received .. 73 Global Environment Facility .. 73 Green Climate Fund (GCF).. 74 Multilateral and Bilateral Funding and 74 Other Capacity Building Assistance .. 76 Constraints, Gaps and Needs .. 77 TECHNICAL ANNEX .. 82 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. 255 iv List of Figures Figure : Map of MALAYSIA Figure : Annual Temperature Trend: Peninsular MALAYSIA , Sabah and Sarawak Figure : Highest Daily Maximum Temperature for Peninsular MALAYSIA , Sabah and Sarawak Figure : Lowest Daily Minimum Temperature for Peninsular MALAYSIA , Sabah and Sarawak Figure : Annual Rainfall Trend in Peninsular MALAYSIA , Sabah and Sarawak Figure : Sectoral contributions to GDP for 2005 and 2016 (RM billion and %) Figure : Primary Energy Supply Breakdown for 2005, 2010 and 2016 (in Mtoe) Figure.

9 Trends in GDP, Primary Energy Supply and Final Energy Consumption Figure : Trends in Final Energy Consumption per capita and GDP per capita Figure : Institutional Arrangement and Thematic Working Groups for Climate Change Figure : Schematic Diagram showing Quality Assurance and Quality Control Arrangement for Greenhouse Gas Inventory Figure : Major sources of carbon dioxide in 2016 Figure : Major sources of methane emissions in 2016 Figure : Major sources of nitrous oxide emissions in 2016 Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 for Energy Sector Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 for Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 for AFOLU (LULUCF Sector) Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 for AFOLU-Agriculture Sector Figure : Emissions Time Series from 1990 to 2016 for Waste Sector Figure : Schematic Diagram Showing the Domestic Measurement, Reporting and Verification for Mitigation Actions in MALAYSIA v List of Tables Table : Total Forested Areas (million ha) Table.

10 Summary of MALAYSIA s Overall Biodiversity Richness Table : Overview of Ecosystems Table : GDP and GNI at Current and Constant Prices (2010 = 100) Table : Summary of MALAYSIA s Annual Trade Table : Primary Energy Supply Breakdown in selected years (in ktoe) Table : Final energy consumption by sector (in ktoe) Table : Cumulative Installed Capacities (MW) of Grid-connected FiT Renewable Energy Projects Table : Annual Power Generation (MWh) of Commissioned FiT Renewable Energy Installations Table : Planted Areas of Major Agricultural Crops ( 000 ha) Table : Selected livestock populations Table : Average waste generations per day in 2007 and 2012 Table : Number of Landfills in MALAYSIA in 2016 Table : Solid Waste Composition Table : Key Statistics for 2005 and 2016 Table : Coordinating Ministries and their respective agencies responsible for climate actions Table : Land Use Definition Table : Global Warming Potential Used Table : QC Procedures Undertaken in Developing the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Table : Emissions and Removals of Greenhouse Gas for each Sector in 2016 Table.