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Med Surg: Cardiac
Med Surg: Cardiac Patho The heart fails to maintain adequate cardiac output (oxygenated blood pumped OUT to the body) due to impaired pumping ability. • HF - Heart Failure (failure to pump blood forward) • HF - Heavy Fluid (backs up in lungs / body) Weight Gain = Water Gain MEMORY TRICKS Signs & Symptoms R - RIGHT Sided HF R - ROCKS BODY ...
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1. Fluid & Electrolytes Cheat Sheet
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netFluid & Electrolytes Cheat Sheet Potassium 3.0 - 3.5 P - Potassium P - Priority! Since it.. P - Pumps the heart & muscles HYPERkalemia (over 3.5) Heart - TIGHT & CONTRACTED 1ST elevation and Peaked T waves 2 Severe = Vfib or Cardiac Standstill! 3 Hypotension, Bradycardia GI TRACT - TIGHT & CONTRACTED 1 Diarrhea 2 Hyperactive bowel sounds …
1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Notes Pathophysiology IBS is an intestinal disorder that affects the large intestines, causing cramping, pain, bloating & either diarrhea or constipation. Keep in mind that IBS is NOT IBD (Inflammatory bowel disease: UC & Chron’s) Perform exercise 3 x per week Keep a journal of symptoms, diet, & stress levels ...
Endocarditis / Pericarditis
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netRENAL FAILURE Acute MI Uremia (High BUN) Causes Signs & Symptoms Treatment Pathophysiology Education Causes Signs & Symptoms + Labs Treatment Pathophysiology • C - Clots in the heart & brain • Risk for stroke CVA - monitor for “agitation” “change in level of consciousness” • Splinter hemorrhages (clots under fingernails) • L ...
Med Surg: GI - Gastrointestinal
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netFancy words for heartburn or acid reflux where stomach acids burn the esophagus, leading to pain, inflammation, & even CANCER called Barrett’s esophagus (if the chronic acid reflux is not treated) Gastro - Stomach Esophageal - Esophagus ... Fried Foods (Fries, fried chicken)
Mental Health Psychiatric Care
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netSeparation anxiety disorder During severe anxiety the mind goes into a state of panic & so the body goes into fight or flight mode turning on the SNS - sympathetic nervous system. The SNS tells the body to shunt blood flow away from the extremities & toward
Need to know medications for NCLEX
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netDuragesic, Sublimaze Fentanyl Morphine Sulfate Morphine Sulfate Vicodin, Norco Hydrocodone Common Brand Names Generic Names Buspar Buspirone Hydrochloride ANTIDEPRESSANTS ... hours =(“patch free” interval of 10-12 hours daily) Imdur Nitroglycerin Isorbid Isordil Sorbitrate Isosorbide Mononitrate Isosorbide Dinitrate Common Brand Names Nitro BID
dizziness, rapid heartbeat, Drug Moa Indication ...
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netpreemie infants between 28 and 33 wk gestational age. Hypersensitivity Tachycardia, feeding intolerance, gastritis ROUTE IV/PO Maintenance dose—starting 24 hr after loading dose 5 mg/kg necrotizing enterocolitis (abdominal distension, vomiting, bloody stools, lethargy). Prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) relaxes smooth muscle of the
Pressure Injury (pressure ulcer)
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netPressure Injury (pressure ulcer) Med Surg: Integumentary - Skin Pathophysiology Damage to the skin and/or the underlying tissue over a bony prominence, common with bed-ridden clients who are not turned adequately or from a medical device (oxygen therapy) Most common areas: • lower back & buttocks (sacrum & coccyx) • heels & ankles • hip bones
IN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BASICS DIABETES MELLITUS …
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.net“MetaBOLic Syndrome”-Increased risk for diabetes, heart disease, stroke B–BP meds or HTN (over 130 sysolic) B–Blood Sugar Meds (insulin, oral diabetics) or High Blood Sugar (over 100+) O–Obese (waist size: 35+ Female 45+ Male) L–Lipids HIGH Total Cholestrol/Triglyceride/LDL 200-150-100—HDL 40 (higher LDL and lower HDL are risk factors) 3 or MORE criteria* *
Stroke ‘’CVA’’ II
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netof care for a patient with suspected embolic stroke? Select All that Apply Obtain a STAT CT of the head Perform neuro assessment Prepare to initiate alteplase within 4.5 hours of symptoms onset Question 2: Priority nursing action for a patient with left-sided weakness, lack of verbal response, and drooping face? Maintain patent airway Stats CT scan
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The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Expert Consensus for the ...
www.sts.orgof patients who arrest after cardiac surgery [2].TheERC guidelines recommend resternotomy within 5 minutes of a cardiac arrest, allowing any trained practitioner to *A complete list of the authors for The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Task Force on Resuscitation After Cardiac Surgery appears at the end of this article.
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY …
www.asecho.orgAccurate and reproducible assessment of cardiac chamber size and function is essential for clinical care. A standardized methodology creates a common approach to the assessment of cardiac structure and function both within and between echocardiography labs.
Focused Cardiovascular Assessment Print - RN.com
lms.rn.comIschemic cardiac pain is a diffuse type of nonlocalized pain. The pain of myocardial ischemia often radiates to the neck, throat, lower jaw, teeth, upper extremities, or shoulder. If the chest pain is radiating to several areas, there is an increased chance that the patient is having a
NARROW NARROW PVD | VEIN PAD | ARTERY
d23mojj3wm3gqd.cloudfront.netMed Surg: Cardiac Signs & Symptoms V VOLUMPTUOUS PULSES - Warm legs E EDEMA (blood pooling) I IRREGULAR SHAPE SORES (Exotic pools) N NO SHARP PAIN (Dull pain) Y YELLOW & BROWN ANKLES VEINY Positioning PVD VEINS = ELEVATE (Vacuum) Signs & Symptoms A ABSENT PULSES, Absent Hair (Shiny) = Cool legs R ROUND, RED SORES …
CARDIAC CYCLE - University of California, San Diego
cvil.ucsd.educardiac cycle duration increases with a decrease in the heart rate and on the other hand it shortens with increasing heart rate. At a normal heart rate of 75 beats per minute, one cardiac cycle lasts 0.8 second. Under resting conditions, systole occupies ⅓ and diastole ⅔ of the cardiac cycle duration. At an increasing heart rate
Cardiac Tamponade Non Invasive Assessment by Echo
www.escardio.orgIntroduction: •Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening, slow or rapid compression of the heart due to the pericardial accumulation of fluid, pus, blood, clots or gas as a result of inflammation, trauma, rupture of the heart or aortic dissection.