METHOD 5 - DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER …

1 371 METHOD 5 - DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE MATTEREMISSIONS FROM stationary SOURCESNOTE: This METHOD does not include all of thespecifications ( , equipment and supplies) and procedures( , sampling and analytical) essential to itsperformance. Some material is incorporated by referencefrom other methods in this part. Therefore, to obtainreliable results, persons using this METHOD should have athorough knowledge of at least the following additional testmethods: METHOD 1, METHOD 2, METHOD Scope and Analyte. PARTICULATE MATTER (PM). No CAS Applicability. This METHOD is applicable for thedetermination of PM emissions from stationary sources. Data Quality Objectives. Adherence to therequirements of this METHOD will enhance the quality of thedata obtained from air pollutant sampling Summary of METHOD . PARTICULATE MATTER is withdrawn isokinetically fromthe source and collected on a glass fiber filter maintainedat a temperature of 120 14EC (248 25EF) or such othertemperature as specified by an applicable subpart of thestandards or approved by the Administrator for a particularapplication.

2 The PM mass, which includes any material that372condenses at or above the filtration temperature, isdetermined gravimetrically after the removal of Definitions. [Reserved] Interferences. [Reserved] Disclaimer. This METHOD may involve hazardousmaterials, operations, and equipment. This test METHOD maynot address all of the safety problems associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this testmethod to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand to determine the applicability of regulatory limitationsprior to performing this test Equipment and Sample Collection. The following items arerequired for sample Sampling Train. A schematic of the samplingtrain used in this METHOD is shown in Figure 5-1 in Complete construction details are given in APTD-0581(Reference 2 in Section ); commercial models of thistrain are also available. For changes from APTD-0581 andfor allowable modifications of the train shown in Figure 5-1, see the following : The operating and maintenance procedures forthe sampling train are described in APTD-0576 (Reference 3in Section ).

3 Since correct usage is important inobtaining valid results, all users should read APTD-0576 andadopt the operating and maintenance procedures outlined init, unless otherwise specified herein. Probe Nozzle. Stainless steel (316) or glasswith a sharp, tapered leading edge. The angle of tapershall be #30E, and the taper shall be on the outside topreserve a constant internal diameter. The probe nozzleshall be of the button-hook or elbow design, unlessotherwise specified by the Administrator. If made ofstainless steel, the nozzle shall be constructed fromseamless tubing. Other materials of construction may beused, subject to the approval of the Administrator. A rangeof nozzle sizes suitable for isokinetic sampling should beavailable. Typical nozzle sizes range from to cm(1/8 to 1/2 in) inside diameter (ID) in increments of (1/16 in). Larger nozzles sizes are also available ifhigher volume sampling trains are used. Each nozzle shallbe calibrated, according to the procedures outlined inSection Probe Liner.

4 Borosilicate or quartz glasstubing with a heating system capable of maintaining a probe374gas temperature during sampling of 120 14 EC (248 25EF), or such other temperature as specified by an applicablesubpart of the standards or as approved by the Administratorfor a particular application. Since the actual temperatureat the outlet of the probe is not usually monitored duringsampling, probes constructed according to APTD-0581 andutilizing the calibration curves of APTD-0576 (or calibratedaccording to the procedure outlined in APTD-0576) will beconsidered acceptable. Either borosilicate or quartz glassprobe liners may be used for stack temperatures up to about480 EC (900 EF); quartz glass liners shall be used fortemperatures between 480 and 900 EC (900 and 1,650 EF). Both types of liners may be used at higher temperatures thanspecified for short periods of time, subject to the approvalof the Administrator. The softening temperature forborosilicate glass is 820 EC (1500EF), and for quartz glassit is 1500 EC (2700 EF).

5 Whenever practical, every effortshould be made to use borosilicate or quartz glass probeliners. Alternatively, metal liners ( , 316 stainlesssteel, Incoloy 825 or other corrosion resistant metals) madeof seamless tubing may be used, subject to the approval ofthe Pitot Tube. Type S, as described in of METHOD 2, or other device approved by the375 Administrator. The pitot tube shall be attached to theprobe (as shown in Figure 5-1) to allow constant monitoringof the stack gas velocity. The impact (high pressure)opening plane of the pitot tube shall be even with or abovethe nozzle entry plane (see METHOD 2, Figure 2-7) duringsampling. The Type S pitot tube assembly shall have a knowncoefficient, determined as outlined in Section ofMethod Differential Pressure Gauge. Inclinedmanometer or equivalent device (two), as described inSection of METHOD 2. One manometer shall be used forvelocity head ()p) readings, and the other, for orificedifferential pressure Filter Holder.

6 Borosilicate glass, with aglass frit filter support and a silicone rubber gasket. Other materials of construction ( , stainless steel,Teflon, or Viton) may be used, subject to the approval ofthe Administrator. The holder design shall provide apositive seal against leakage from the outside or around thefilter. The holder shall be attached immediately at theoutlet of the probe (or cyclone, if used). Filter Heating System. Any heating systemcapable of maintaining a temperature around the filterholder of 120 14 EC (248 25 EF) during sampling, or such376other temperature as specified by an applicable subpart ofthe standards or approved by the Administrator for aparticular Temperature Sensor. A temperature sensorcapable of measuring temperature to within 3 EC ( EF)shall be installed so that the sensing tip of thetemperature sensor is in direct contact with the sample gas,and the temperature around the filter holder can beregulated and monitored during Condenser.

7 The following system shall beused to determine the stack gas moisture content: Fourimpingers connected in series with leak-free ground glassfittings or any similar leak-free noncontaminating fittings. The first, third, and fourth impingers shall be of theGreenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip with cm ( in.) ID glass tube extending to about cm ( in.) from the bottom of the flask. The second impingershall be of the Greenburg-Smith design with the standardtip. Modifications ( , using flexible connectionsbetween the impingers, using materials other than glass, orusing flexible vacuum lines to connect the filter holder tothe condenser) may be used, subject to the approval of theAdministrator. The first and second impingers shall containknown quantities of water (Section ), the third shall377be empty, and the fourth shall contain a known weight ofsilica gel, or equivalent desiccant. A temperature sensor,capable of measuring temperature to within 1 EC (2 EF) shallbe placed at the outlet of the fourth impinger formonitoring purposes.

8 Alternatively, any system that coolsthe sample gas stream and allows measurement of the watercondensed and moisture leaving the condenser, each to within1 ml or 1 g may be used, subject to the approval of theAdministrator. An acceptable technique involves themeasurement of condensed water either gravimetrically orvolumetrically and the DETERMINATION of the moisture leavingthe condenser by: (1) monitoring the temperature andpressure at the exit of the condenser and using Dalton's lawof partial pressures; or (2) passing the sample gas streamthrough a tared silica gel (or equivalent desiccant) trapwith exit gases kept below 20 EC (68 EF) and determining theweight gain. If means other than silica gel are used todetermine the amount of moisture leaving the condenser, itis recommended that silica gel (or equivalent) still be usedbetween the condenser system and pump to prevent moisturecondensation in the pump and metering devices and to avoidthe need to make corrections for moisture in the : If a DETERMINATION of the PM collected in theimpingers is desired in addition to moisture content, theimpinger system described above shall be used, withoutmodification.

9 Individual States or control agenciesrequiring this information shall be contacted as to thesample recovery and analysis of the impinger Metering System. Vacuum gauge, leak-freepump, temperature sensors capable of measuring temperatureto within 3 EC ( EF), dry gas meter (DGM) capable ofmeasuring volume to within 2 percent, and related equipment,as shown in Figure 5-1. Other metering systems capable ofmaintaining sampling rates within 10 percent of isokineticand of determining sample volumes to within 2 percent may beused, subject to the approval of the Administrator. Whenthe metering system is used in conjunction with a pitottube, the system shall allow periodic checks of 10 Sampling trains utilizing metering systemsdesigned for higher flow rates than that described in APTD-0581 or APTD-0576 may be used provided that thespecifications of this METHOD are Barometer. Mercury, aneroid, or otherbarometer capable of measuring atmospheric pressure towithin mm Hg ( in.)

10 379 NOTE: The barometric pressure reading may be obtainedfrom a nearby National Weather Service station. In thiscase, the station value (which is the absolute barometricpressure) shall be requested and an adjustment for elevationdifferences between the weather station and sampling pointshall be made at a rate of minus mm Hg ( in.) per 30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or plus mm Hg ( in)per 30 m (100 ft) elevation Gas Density DETERMINATION Equipment. Temperature sensor and pressure gauge, as described inSections and of METHOD 2, and gas analyzer, ifnecessary, as described in METHOD 3. The temperature sensorshall, preferably, be permanently attached to the pitot tubeor sampling probe in a fixed configuration, such that thetip of the sensor extends beyond the leading edge of theprobe sheath and does not touch any metal. Alternatively,the sensor may be attached just prior to use in the field. Note, however, that if the temperature sensor is attached inthe field, the sensor must be placed in an interference-freearrangement with respect to the Type S pitot tube openings(see METHOD 2, Figure 2-4).