Methods for calculation of physical effects

1 PUBLICATIEREEKSGEVAARLIJKE STOFFENM ethods forthe calculation of physical effects2 Publicatiereeks Gevaarlijke Stoffen 2 Methods for the calculationof physical EffectsDue to releases of hazardousmaterials (liquids and gases)IMethods for the calculation ofphysical effects due to releases of hazardous materials (liquids and gases) Yellow Book CPR 14 EEditors: van den Bosch, WeteringsThis report was prepared under the supervision of the Committee for thePrevention of Disasters and is published with the approval ofThe Director-General for Social Affairs and EmploymentThe Director-General for Environmental ProtectionThe Director-General for Public Order and SecurityThe Director-General for TransportThe Hague.

2 1996 The Director-General for Social Affairs and EmploymentCommittee for the Prevention of DisastersThird edition First print 1997 Third edition Second revised print 2005 TNOIIR esearch performed by TNO - The Netherlands Organization of Applied Scientific ResearchList of authorsChapter introductionIr. van den BoschDr. WeteringsChapter and Spray releaseIr. van den BoschIr. DuijmChapter evaporationIr. van den BoschChapter cloud dispersionDr. BakkumIr. DuijmChapter cloud explosionIr. MercxIr. van den BergChapter flux from firesdIr.

3 EngelhardChapter of vesselsMrs. Ir. van DoormaalIr. van WeesChapter of modelsIr. van den BoschAnnexPhysical properties of chemicalsIr. van den BoschIII Contents PreamblePrefaceRevision and Spray cloud cloud flux from of of modelsAnnexPhysical properties of chemicalsIV Preamble When the first edition of this Yellow Book was issued, it containedcalculation Methods to be performed on pocket the second edition in 1988 presumed that personal computers would beavailable to perform the required calculations, only part of the report was more powerful computers are generally available.

4 Thus enabling the use ofmore complex and more accurate computing third edition is a complete revision by TNO Institute of EnvironmentalSciences, Energy Research and Process Innovation. It is based on the use of thesepowerful PC s and includes the application of proven computing models. Specialattention is paid to provide adequate directions for performing calculations and forthe coupling of models and calculation revision of the Yellow Book was supervised by a committee in whichparticipated:Dr.

5 Blokker, chairmanDienst Centraal Milieubeheer K. Posthuma, secretaryMinisterie van Sociale Zaken en WerkgelegenheidDr. AleRijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en MilieuDrs. R. DauweDOW Benelux van KleefMinisterie van Binnenlandse ZakenMrs. Ir. KruiskampDienst Centraal Milieubeheer RijnmondDr. van LooMinisterie van Volkshuisvesting, RuimtelijkeOrdening en MilieubeheerIng. MuyselaarMinisterie van Volkshuisvesting, RuimtelijkeOrdening en MilieubeheerIng. van der Staak Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en WerkgelegenheidIng. PetersMinisterie van Verkeer en WaterstaatIr.

6 M. Vis van HeemstAKZO Nobel Engineering the issue of this third edition of the Yellow Book the Committee for thePrevention of Disasters by Hazardous Materials expects to promote the general useof standardised calculation Methods of physical effects of the release of dangerousmaterials (liquids and gases).The Hague, 1996 THE COMMITEE FOR THE PREVENTION OFDISASTERS BY HAZARDOUS MATERIALS,Drs. Middelplaats, chairmanV Preface to the PGS 2 edition of the Yellow Book Starting from June 1 st 2004, the Advisory Council on DangerousSubstances (Adviesraad Gevaarlijke Stoffen - AGS) was installed by the Cabinet.

7 Atthe same time the Committee for the Prevention of Disasters (Commissie voor dePreventie van Rampen- CPR) was abolished. CPR issued several publications, the so-called CPR-guidelines (CPR-richtlijnen),that are often used in environmental permits, based on the Environmental ProtectionLaw, and in the fields of of labour safety, transport safety and fire CPR-guidelines have been transformed into the Publication Series onDangerous Substances (Publicatiereeks Gevaarlijke Stoffen PGS). The aim of thesepublications is generally the same as that of the CPR-guidelines.

8 All CPR-guidelineshave been reviewed, taking into account the following questions:1. Is there still a reason for existence for the guideline or can the guideline beabolished;2. Can the guideline be reintroduced without changes or does it need to be first print (1997) of the 3 rd edition Yellow Book contained typographical errorsthat occurred during the conversion of the Yellow Book documents from one wordprocessing system to another. Most of these conversion errors occurred especiallywith formulas, leading to erroneous and non-reproducible results when calculationexamples and formulas were PGS 2 edition (2005) is a second print that has been thoroughly checked forerrors.

9 Every chapter starts with a condensed summary of changes to give the user anidea about what was changed and where it was all effort, it might be possible that errors still persist. If this is the case, or ifyou have any other remarks about the Yellow Book, please send a mail copies of this PGS-2 edition can be obtained from Frank van het Veld, TNOD epartment of Industrial & External Safety: or fax +31 55 on behalf of my colleagues at the Ministries of Transport, Social Affairs and ofthe Interior,The State Secretary of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM).

10 Drs. van Geelnovember 2005 CPR 14 ERevision history of the Yellow Book Revision historyDateReleaseComments19 April 20053 rd edition 2 nd print, version 1 Please refer to the modification paragrahs of all July 20053 rd edition 2 nd print, version 2 The appendix of chapter 6 was missing and has now been included. Table and Figure were not corresponding and has been corrected. chapter 1 General introduction van den Bosch, Weterings Table of contents of chapter 1 to chapter 1 .. objectives and target groups .. of the Revised Yellow Book.