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Migration, agriculture and rural development

Addressing the root causes of migration and harnessing its potential for developmentMIGRATION, agriculture AND RURALDEVELOPMENT2 PAGES 4-5 INTRODUCTION PAGES 6-7 THE DIMENSIONS OF MIGRATIONPA G E S 8 -11 THE KEY ROLE OF agriculture AND rural development FOR migration The root causes of rural migration Challenges and opportunities of migration for rural areas The potential of agriculture and rural developmentPAGES 12-18 HOW FAO IS CONTRIBUTING TO INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS THE MIGR ATION CHALLENGE Generate evidence on migration and rural development to support policy making Advise and support capacity development at country and regional level Disseminate and improve the uptake of knowledge and good practices Facilitate.

2 pages 4-5 introduction pages 6-7 the dimensions of migration pages 8-11 the key role of agriculture and rural development for migration • the root causes of rural migration

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Transcription of Migration, agriculture and rural development

1 Addressing the root causes of migration and harnessing its potential for developmentMIGRATION, agriculture AND RURALDEVELOPMENT2 PAGES 4-5 INTRODUCTION PAGES 6-7 THE DIMENSIONS OF MIGRATIONPA G E S 8 -11 THE KEY ROLE OF agriculture AND rural development FOR migration The root causes of rural migration Challenges and opportunities of migration for rural areas The potential of agriculture and rural developmentPAGES 12-18 HOW FAO IS CONTRIBUTING TO INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS TO ADDRESS THE MIGR ATION CHALLENGE Generate evidence on migration and rural development to support policy making Advise and support capacity development at country and regional level Disseminate and improve the uptake of knowledge and good practices Facilitate.

2 Promote and support policy dialogue Facilitate partnership and advocate at national, regional and global levelsPAGE 19 ANNEX: TYPES OF MIGRATIONWEST BANK AND GAZA STRIPA farmer and her daughter tending crops. FAO/LongariCover photo: Burundi Refugees fleeing civil conflict. FAO/LintonCONTENTSMIGRATION, agriculture AND rural DEVELOPMENT3 KEY MESSAGESTHE CONTEXT OF migration The dimensions of contemporary migration call for global action, which must be comprehensive, bringing together humanitarian and development responses. Many individuals and families migrate from rural areas for economic reasons as they see no viable option for moving out of poverty within their own communities.

3 Conflict, extreme weather events and political instability are among the root causes of migration . migration is part of the process of development . As economies undergo structural transformation, the movement of people in search of better employment opportunities within and across countries is inevitable. Migrants can be agents of development , contribute to economic growth and improve food security and rural livelihoods. Orderly, safe and regular migration of people underpins the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable ACTION ON migration migration should be a choice, not a necessity. International cooperation should address the structural drivers of large movements of people and create conditions that allow communities to live in peace and prosperity in their homelands.

4 agriculture and rural development can address the root causes of migration , including rural poverty, food insecurity, inequality, unemployment, lack of social protection as well as natural resource depletion due to environmental degradation and climate change. Investing in sustainable rural development , climate change adaptation and resilient rural livelihoods is an important part of the global response to the current migration challenge. Working with governments, UN agencies, the private sector, civil society and local communities, FAO plays an important role in addressing the root causes of internal and international migration and displacement and in harnessing the developmental potential of migration , especially in terms of food security and poverty CONTEXTM igration is a growing global phenomenon and most countries are simultaneously countries of origin, transit and destination for migrants.

5 Conflicts, violence and natural disasters are among the root causes of migration and forced displacement. Many migrants are compelled to move because of socio-economic factors, including poverty, food insecurity, lack of employment opportunities, limited access to social protection, natural resource depletion and the adverse impacts of environmental degradation and climate economies undergo structural transformation and the agricultural sector becomes relatively smaller, the movement of people within and across countries is inevitable. Safe, orderly and regular migration contributes to sustainable development , economic growth and food security. However, large movements of people present complex challenges.

6 Areas of origin, transit and neighbouring countries are disproportionately , food insecurity, lack of employment, climate change and environmental degradation are among the root causes of AND rural development ARE KEY TO ADDRESSING THE ROOT CAUSES OF MIGRATIONTHE ROLE OF agriculture AND rural DEVELOPMENTA griculture and rural development (ARD) are key to addressing the root causes of migration . By 2050, over half of the population in the least developed countries will still live in rural areas. Three-quarters of the extreme poor base their livelihoods on agriculture or other rural activities. In Africa alone, 11 million young people will enter the labour market every year for the next decade.

7 Efforts must be geared towards a more productive agricultural sector and improved food migration , agriculture AND rural DEVELOPMENT5systems in general, enabling diversification into manufacturing and services, while also promoting decent work and employment in agribusiness. THE GLOBAL RESPONSEThe dimensions of contemporary migration require global solutions, which address the root causes of large movements of people from a broad and comprehensive perspective. The various partners in the development and humanitarian arena must cooperate to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development and of the Agenda for Humanity, especially the commitment to leave no one behind .FAO AND MIGRATIONThe drivers and impacts of migration are intimately linked to FAO s global goals of fighting hunger and achieving food security, reducing rural poverty and promoting the sustainable use of natural resources.

8 FAO has a unique role to play in reducing rural migration , in view of its experience in supporting the creation of better conditions and resilient livelihoods in rural areas. Together with its partners, FAO also commits to further expand its work towards strengthening the positive contribution that migrants, refugees and IDPs are bringing for poverty reduction, food security and nutrition, and resilience of rural IDPs sheltered at Dobley, near the the Somalia Kenya border. FAO/Nyakairu6 THE DIMENSIONS OF MIGRATIONM igration is the movement of people, either within a country or across international borders. It includes all kinds of movements, irrespective of the drivers, duration and voluntary/involuntary nature.

9 It encompasses economic migrants, distress migrants, internally displaced persons (IDPs,) refugees and asylum seekers, returnees and people moving for other purposes, including for education and family 2015, there were 244 million international migrants, representing an increase of 40% since 2000. They included 150 million migrant one-third of all international migrants are aged 15 34. Women account for almost half of all international large share of migrants originate from rural areas. Around 40% of international remittances are sent to rural areas, reflecting the rural origins of a large share of many African countries, more than 50% of rural households report having at least one internal migrant.

10 40% of international remittances are sent to rural areas, reflecting the rural origin of a large share of remittances are estimated at three times the size of official development migration is an even larger phenomenon, with 763 million internal migrants according to 2013 estimates. Internal and international migration are often 2015, million people around the world were forcibly displaced by conflict and persecution, including over 21 million refugees, 3 million asylum-seekers and over 40 million IDPs. A quarter of global refugees reside in only three countries (Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon). In 2014, more than 19 million people were internally displaced because of natural , agriculture AND rural DEVELOPMENT7 RESILIENCE BUILDING IN PROTRACTED CRISESFAO has considerable experience in addressing migration in both developmental contexts and protracted crises.


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