National Vital Statistics Reports - Centers for Disease ...

1 National Vital Statistics ReportsVolume 69, Number 13 January 12, 2021 Deaths: Final Data for 2018by Sherry L. Murphy, , Jiaquan Xu, , Kenneth D. Kochanek, , Elizabeth Arias, , and Betzaida Tejada-Vera, , Division of Vital StatisticsAbstractObjectives This report presents final 2018 data on deaths, death rates, life expectancy, infant and maternal mortality, and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death. The race categories are consistent with 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards, which are different from previous Reports (1977 OMB standards).Methods Information reported on death certificates is presented in descriptive tabulations.

2 The original records are filed in state registration offices. Statistical information is compiled in a National database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the National Center for Health Statistics . Causes of death are processed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. As of 2018, all states and the District of Columbia were using the 2003 revised certificate of death, which includes the 1997 OMB revised standards for race. The 2018 data based on the revised standards are not completely comparable to previous years. Selected estimates are presented in this report for both the revised and previous race standards to provide some reference for interpretation of In 2018, a total of 2,839,205 deaths were reported in the United States.

3 The age-adjusted death rate was deaths per 100,000 standard population, a decrease of from the 2017 rate. Life expectancy at birth was years, an increase of year from 2017. Age-specific death rates decreased in 2018 from 2017 for age groups 15 24, 25 34, 45 54, 65 74, 75 84, and 85 and over. The 15 leading causes of death in 2018 remained the same as in 2017. The infant mortality rate decreased to a historically low figure of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in The age-adjusted death rate for the total, male, and female populations decreased from 2017 to 2018, and life expectancy at birth increased in 2018 for the total, male, and female : mortality cause of death life expectancy National Vital Statistics SystemHighlightsMortality experience in 2018 In 2018, a total of 2,839,205 resident deaths were registered in the United States, yielding a crude death rate of per 100,000 population.

4 The age-adjusted death rate, which accounts for the aging of the population, was deaths per 100,000 standard population. Life expectancy at birth was years. The 15 leading causes of death in 2018 were:1. Diseases of heart (heart Disease )2. Malignant neoplasms (cancer)3. Accidents (unintentional injuries)4. Chronic lower respiratory diseases5. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke)6. Alzheimer disease7. Diabetes mellitus (diabetes)8. Influenza and pneumonia9. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (kidney Disease )10. Intentional self-harm (suicide)11. Chronic liver Disease and cirrhosis12. Septicemia13. Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal Disease (hypertension)14.

5 Parkinson disease15. Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids In 2018, the infant mortality rate was infant deaths per 1,000 live births. The 10 leading causes of infant death were:1. congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities ( congenital malformations) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICESC enters for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics National Vital Statistics SystemNCHS Reports can be downloaded from: National Vital Statistics Reports , Vol. 69, No. 13, January 12, 20212. Disorders related to short gestation and low birth weight, not elsewhere classified (low birth weight)3. Newborn affected by maternal complications of pregnancy (maternal complications)4.

6 Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)5. Accidents (unintentional injuries)6. Newborn affected by complications of placenta, cord and membranes (cord and placental complications)7. Bacterial sepsis of newborn8. Diseases of the circulatory system9. Respiratory distress of newborn10. Neonatal hemorrhageComparison to previous year The age-adjusted death rate decreased from per 100,000 standard population in 2017 to in 2018. The age-adjusted death rate was times greater for the non-Hispanic black population ( ) than for the non-Hispanic white population ( ). The age-adjusted death rate for the non-Hispanic white population ( ) was times greater than for the Hispanic population ( ).

7 Life expectancy for the total population increased year from in 2017 to in 2018. Life expectancy for females was years higher than for males, the same as in 2017. The difference in life expectancy between the sexes has narrowed since 1979, when it was years. The difference in life expectancy between the Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations was years in 2018. The 15 leading causes of death in 2018 were the same as in 2017. Age-adjusted death rates decreased significantly in 2018 from 2017 for 8 of the 15 leading causes of death: heart Disease , cancer, unintentional injuries, Chronic lower respiratory diseases, stroke, Alzheimer Disease , Septicemia, and Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids.

8 Significant increases occurred in 2018 from 2017 for 4 of the 15 leading causes of death: Influenza and pneumonia, suicide, Chronic liver Disease and cirrhosis, and Parkinson Disease . Age-adjusted death rates decreased in 2018 from 2017 for drug-induced causes ( ) and increased for alcohol-induced causes ( ). The increase in life expectancy at birth for the total population in 2018 was mainly due to decreases in mortality from cancer, unintentional injuries, Chronic lower respiratory diseases, heart Disease , and homicide. The difference in life expectancy between the non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black populations was years in 2018. Among external causes of injury death, unintentional poisoning has been the leading mechanism of injury mortality since 2011.

9 The infant mortality rate decreased in 2018 to a record low of infant deaths per 1,000 live births. The 10 leading causes of infant death in 2018 remained the same as in report presents detailed 2018 data on deaths and death rates according to a number of demographic and medical characteristics. These data provide information on mortality patterns among residents of the United States by such variables as age, sex, Hispanic origin and race, state of residence, and cause of death. Information on these mortality patterns is key to understanding changes in the health and well-being of the population (1). Companion Reports present additional details on leading causes of death and life expectancy in the United States (2,3).

10 Mortality data in this report can be used to monitor and evaluate the health status of the United States in terms of current mortality levels and long-term mortality trends, and to identify segments of the population at greater risk of death from specific diseases and injuries. Differences in death rates among various demographic subpopulations, including racial and ethnic groups, may reflect subpopulation differences in factors such as socioeconomic status, access to medical care, and the prevalence of specific risk factors in a particular with the 2018 data year, all 50 states and the District of Columbia reported deaths based on the 2003 revision of the Standard Certificate of Death for the entire year (4).