Paul Cobbaut - linux-training.be

1 linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut linux fundamentals Paul Cobbaut Publication date 2015-05-24 CEST. Abstract This book is meant to be used in an instructor-led training. For self-study, the intent is to read this book next to a working linux computer so you can immediately do every subject, practicing each command. This book is aimed at novice linux system administrators (and might be interesting and useful for home users that want to know a bit more about their linux system). However, this book is not meant as an introduction to linux desktop applications like text editors, browsers, mail clients, multimedia or office applications. More information and free .pdf available at.

2 Feel free to contact the author: Paul Cobbaut : Contributors to the linux Training project are: Serge van Ginderachter: build scripts and infrastructure setup Ywein Van den Brande: license and legal sections Hendrik De Vloed: script We'd also like to thank our reviewers: Wouter Verhelst: Geert Goossens: geertgoossens Elie De Brauwer: Christophe Vandeplas: Bert Desmet: Rich Yonts: Copyright 2007-2015 Netsec BVBA, Paul Cobbaut Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

3 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled 'GNU Free Documentation License'. Table of Contents I. introduction to linux .. 1. 1. linux history .. 3. 1969 .. 4. 1980s .. 4. 1990s .. 4. 2015 .. 5. 2. distributions .. 6. Red Hat .. 7. Ubuntu .. 7. Debian .. 7. Other .. 7. Which to choose ? .. 8. 3. licensing .. 9. about software licenses .. 10. public domain software and freeware .. 10. Free Software or Open Source Software .. 10. GNU General Public License .. 11. using GPLv3 software .. 11. BSD license .. 12. other licenses .. 12. combination of software licenses .. 12. II. installing linux .. 13. 4. installing Debian 8 .. 15. Debian .. 16. Downloading .. 16. virtualbox networking.

4 32. setting the hostname .. 34. adding a static ip address .. 34. Debian package management .. 35. 5. installing CentOS 7 .. 36. download a CentOS 7 image .. 37. Virtualbox .. 39. CentOS 7 installing .. 44. CentOS 7 first logon .. 52. Virtualbox network interface .. 53. configuring the network .. 54. adding one static ip address .. 54. package management .. 55. logon from linux and MacOSX .. 56. logon from MS Windows .. 56. 6. getting linux at home .. 58. download a linux CD image .. 59. download Virtualbox .. 59. create a virtual machine .. 60. attach the CD image .. 65. install linux .. 68. III. first steps on the command line .. 69. 7. man pages .. 71. man $command .. 72.

5 Man $configfile .. 72. man $daemon .. 72. man -k (apropos) .. 72. whatis .. 72. whereis .. 72. man sections .. 73. iii linux fundamentals man $section $file .. 73. man man .. 73. mandb .. 73. 8. working with directories .. 74. pwd .. 75. cd .. 75. absolute and relative paths .. 76. path completion .. 77. ls .. 77. mkdir .. 79. rmdir .. 79. practice: working with directories .. 81. solution: working with directories .. 82. 9. working with files .. 84. all files are case sensitive .. 85. everything is a file .. 85. file .. 85. touch .. 86. rm .. 87. cp .. 88. mv .. 89. rename .. 90. practice: working with files .. 91. solution: working with files .. 92. 10. working with file contents.

6 94. head .. 95. tail .. 95. cat .. 96. tac .. 97. more and less .. 98. strings .. 98. practice: file contents .. 99. solution: file contents .. 100. 11. the linux file tree .. 101. filesystem hierarchy standard .. 102. man hier .. 102. the root directory / .. 102. binary directories .. 103. configuration directories .. 105. data directories .. 107. in memory directories .. 109. /usr Unix System Resources .. 114. /var variable data .. 116. practice: file system tree .. 118. solution: file system tree .. 120. IV. shell expansion .. 122. 12. commands and arguments .. 125. arguments .. 126. white space removal .. 126. single quotes .. 127. double quotes .. 127. echo and quotes.

7 127. commands .. 128. aliases .. 129. displaying shell expansion .. 130. practice: commands and arguments .. 131. solution: commands and arguments .. 133. 13. control operators .. 135. iv linux fundamentals ; semicolon .. 136. & ampersand .. 136. $? dollar question mark .. 136. && double ampersand .. 137. || double vertical bar .. 137. combining && and || .. 137. # pound sign .. 138. \ escaping special characters .. 138. practice: control operators .. 139. solution: control operators .. 140. 14. shell variables .. 141. $ dollar sign .. 142. case sensitive .. 142. creating variables .. 142. quotes .. 143. set .. 143. unset .. 143. $PS1 .. 144. $PATH .. 145. env .. 146. export.

8 146. delineate variables .. 147. unbound variables .. 147. practice: shell variables .. 148. solution: shell variables .. 149. 15. shell embedding and options .. 150. shell embedding .. 151. shell options .. 152. practice: shell embedding .. 153. solution: shell embedding .. 154. 16. shell history .. 155. repeating the last command .. 156. repeating other commands .. 156. history .. 156. !n .. 156. Ctrl-r .. 157. $HISTSIZE .. 157. $HISTFILE .. 157. $HISTFILESIZE .. 157. prevent recording a command .. 158. (optional)regular expressions .. 158. (optional) Korn shell history .. 158. practice: shell history .. 159. solution: shell history .. 160. 17. file globbing .. 161. * asterisk.

9 162. ? question mark .. 162. [] square brackets .. 163. a-z and 0-9 ranges .. 164. $LANG and square brackets .. 164. preventing file globbing .. 165. practice: shell globbing .. 166. solution: shell globbing .. 167. V. pipes and commands .. 169. 18. I/O redirection .. 171. stdin, stdout, and stderr .. 172. output redirection .. 173. error redirection .. 175. v linux fundamentals output redirection and pipes .. 176. joining stdout and stderr .. 176. input redirection .. 177. confusing redirection .. 178. quick file clear .. 178. practice: input/output redirection .. 179. solution: input/output redirection .. 180. 19. filters .. 181. cat .. 182. tee .. 182. grep .. 182. cut.

10 184. tr .. 184. wc .. 185. sort .. 186. uniq .. 187. comm .. 188. od .. 189. sed .. 190. pipe examples .. 191. practice: filters .. 192. solution: filters .. 193. 20. basic Unix tools .. 195. find .. 196. locate .. 197. date .. 197. cal .. 198. sleep .. 198. time .. 199. gzip - gunzip .. 200. zcat - zmore .. 200. bzip2 - bunzip2 .. 201. bzcat - bzmore .. 201. practice: basic Unix tools .. 202. solution: basic Unix tools .. 203. 21. regular expressions .. 205. regex versions .. 206. grep .. 207. rename .. 212. sed .. 215. bash history .. 219. VI. vi .. 220. 22. Introduction to vi .. 222. command mode and insert mode .. 223. start typing (a A i I o O) .. 223. replace and delete a character (r x X).