PDF Reference, Third Edition - Adobe Inc.

1 pdf reference Third Edition Adobe Portable Document Format Version Adobe Systems Incorporated ADDISON WESLEY Boston San Francisco New York Toronto MontrealLondon Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data pdf reference : Adobe portable document format version / Adobe SystemsIncorporated. 3rd bibliographical references and 0-201-75839-3 (alk. paper) 1. Adobe Acrobat. 2. Portable document software. I. Adobe P38 2 dc212001053899 1985 2001 Adobe Systems Incorporated. All rights reserved. NOTICE: All information contained herein is the property of Adobe Systems Incorporated. No part of this publication (whether in hardcopy or electronic form) may be reproduced or trans-mitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other-wise, without the prior written consent of the publisher. Adobe , the Adobe logo, Acrobat, the Acrobat logo, Acrobat Capture, Acrobat Reader, AdobeGaramond, Aldus, Distiller, ePaper, Extreme, FrameMaker, Illustrator, InDesign, Minion, Myriad,PageMaker, Photoshop, Poetica, PostScript, and XMP are either registered trademarks or trade-marks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries.

2 Microsoft andWindows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the UnitedStates and/or other countries. Apple, Mac, Mac OS, Macintosh, QuickDraw, and TrueType aretrademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. KanjiTalkis a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open is a registered trademark of Unicode, Inc. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. QuarkXPress is atrademark of Quark, Inc. and/or certain of the Quark Affiliated Companies, Reg. Pat. & and in many other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark and Hexachrome is atrademark of Pantone, Inc. PANOSE is a trademark of Hewlett-Packard Company. OEB is a trade-mark of the Open eBook Forum. Helvetica and Times are registered trademarks of Linotype-HellAG and/or its subsidiaries. Arial and Times New Roman are trademarks of The Monotype Corpo-ration registered in the Patent and Trademark Office and may be registered in certain otherjurisdictions.

3 ITC Zapf Dingbats is a registered trademark of International Typeface Light is a trademark of Morisawa & Co., Ltd. All other trademarks are the property oftheir respective owners. All instances of the name PostScript in the text are references to the PostScript language as definedby Adobe Systems Incorporated unless otherwise stated. The name PostScript also is used as aproduct trademark for Adobe Systems implementation of the PostScript language as otherwise stated, any mention of a PostScript output device, PostScript printer, PostScript software, or similar item refers to a product that contains PostScript technology cre-ated or licensed by Adobe Systems Incorporated, not to one that purports to be merely publication and the information herein are furnished AS IS, are subject to change withoutnotice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Adobe Systems Incorporated.

4 AdobeSystems Incorporated assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies, makesno warranty of any kind (express, implied, or statutory) with respect to this publication, andexpressly disclaims any and all warranties of merchantability, fitness for particular purposes, andnoninfringement of Third -party rights. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CRS 04030201 First printing, December 2001 iii Contents Preface xix Chapter 1: Introduction This to PDF Property6 Chapter 2: Overview General and the PostScript Language21 Chapter 3: Syntax Streams and Data Specifications118 Chapter 4: Graphics Construction and XObjects289 Contents iv Chapter 5: Text and Use of State Parameters and to Font Data Font CMaps368 Chapter 6: Rendering Color to Device among Device Color Conversion Details403 Chapter 7: Transparency of Compositing Transparency in Space and Rendering Issues454 Chapter 8: Interactive Features Chapter 9: Document Interchange Support676 Contents v Appendix A: Operator Summary 699 Appendix B: Operators in Type 4 Functions , Boolean, and Bitwise Operators704 Appendix C.

5 Implementation Limits Implementation Limits Affecting Web Capture708 Appendix D: Character Sets and Encodings Character Set and Set and Set and Set and Encoding721 Appendix E: PDF Name Registry 723 Appendix F: Linearized PDF and PDF Document Strategies751 Appendix G: Example PDF Files PDF Text String Graphics Tree Tree Example774 Appendix H: Compatibility and Implementation Notes Version Notes787 Bibliography 811 Index 817 vii Figures Creating PDF files using PDF Writer20 Creating PDF files using Acrobat Distiller21 PDF components24 Initial structure of a PDF file62 Structure of an updated PDF file70 Structure of a PDF document82 Inheritance of attributes92 Mapping with the Decode array112 Graphics objects135 Device space138 User space140 Relationships among coordinate systems142 Effects of coordinate transformations143 Effect of transformation order144 Miter length154 Cubic B zier curve generated by the c operator165 Cubic B zier curves generated by the v and y operators166 Nonzero winding number rule170 Even-odd rule171 Color specification174 Color rendering175 Component transformations in a CIE-based ABC color space182 Component transformations in a CIE-based A color space183 Starting a new triangle in a free-form

6 Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh245 Connecting triangles in a free-form Gouraud-shaded triangle mesh246 Varying the value of the edge flag to create different shapes247 Lattice-form triangle meshes248 Coordinate mapping from a unit square to a four-sided Coons patch251 Painted area and boundary of a Coons patch252 Color values and edge flags in Coons patch meshes254 Edge connections in a Coons patch mesh255 Control points in a tensor-product patch257 Typical sampled image262 Source image coordinate system265 Mapping the source image266 Figures viii Glyphs painted in 50% gray295 Glyph outlines treated as a stroked path296 Graphics clipped by a glyph path297 Glyph metrics298 metrics for horizontal and vertical writing modes300 Character spacing in horizontal writing303 Word spacing in horizontal writing303 Horizontal scaling304 Leading304 Text rise307 Operation of the TJ operator in horizontal writing312 Output from Example Characteristics represented in the Flags entry of a font descriptor359 Various halftoning effects389 Halftone cell with a nonzero angle396 Angled halftone cell divided into two squares396 Halftone cell and two squares tiled across device space397 Tiling of device space in a type 16 halftone399 Flatness tolerance404 Rasterization without stroke adjustment407 Presentation timing487 Open annotation489 Coordinate adjustment with the NoRotate flag494 Square and circle annotations505 QuadPoints specification506 FDF file structure559 Simple Web Capture file structure662 Complex Web Capture file structure663 Page boundaries678 Trapping example688 Output of Example Page tree for Example Document outline as displayed in Example Document outline as displayed in Example Figures ix Plate 1 Additive and subtractive color Plate 2 Uncalibrated color Plate 3 Lab color space Plate 4 Color gamuts Plate 5

7 Rendering intents Plate 6 Duotone image Plate 7 Quadtone image Plate 8 Colored tiling pattern Plate 9 Uncolored tiling pattern Plate 10 Axial shading Plate 11 Radial shadings depicting a cone Plate 12 Radial shadings depicting a sphere Plate 13 Radial shadings with extension Plate 14 Radial shading effect Plate 15 Coons patch mesh Plate 16 Transparency groups Plate 17 Isolated and knockout groups Plate 18 RGB blend modes Plate 19 CMYK blend modes Plate 20 Blending and overprinting xi Ta b l e s White-space characters26 Escape sequences in literal of literal names using the # common to all stream LZW encoding parameters for LZWD ecode and FlateDecode parameters for the CCITTFaxDecode parameter for the JBIG2 Decode parameter for the DCTD ecode in the file trailer common to all encryption encryption dictionary entries for the standard security access in the catalog entries in a page tree in a page in the name in a resource data in a name tree node of a name in a number tree node common to all function entries specific to a type 0 function entries specific to a type 2 function entries specific to a type 3 function in type 4 of file in a file specification entries in an embedded file stream in an embedded file parameter in a Mac OS file information dictionary125Ta graphics state graphics state cap join of line dash state in a graphics state parameter construction path space in a CalGray color space in a CalRGB color space in a Lab color space entries specific to an ICC profile stream profile for typical ICC color in a DeviceN color space attributes entries specific to a type 1 pattern in a type 2 pattern common to all shading entries specific to a type 1 shading entries specific to a type 2 shading entries specific to a type 3 shading entries specific to a type 4 shading entries

8 Specific to a type 5 shading entries specific to a type 6 shading values in a Coons patch values in a tensor-product patch entries specific to an image Decode in an alternate image image in an inline image abbreviations in an inline image entries specific to a type 1 form common to all group attributes in a reference entries specific to a PostScript XObject dictionary290Ta state state rendering object in a Type 1 font in a Type 3 font 3 font in an encoding in a CIDS ystemInfo in a CIDFont CJK CMap collections for predefined CMaps, by PDF entries in a CMap in a Type 0 font common to all font font descriptor entries for classes in CJK font organization for various font entries in an embedded font stream spot halftone in a type 1 halftone entries specific to a type 6 halftone entries specific to a type 10 halftone entries specific to a type 16 halftone in a type 5 halftone used in the basic compositing separable blend nonseparable blend used in the source shape and opacity used in the result shape and opacity variables for the basic compositing and results of the group compositing used in the group compositing used in the page group compositing in a soft-mask on the entries in a soft-mask image dictionary448Ta entry in a soft-mask image entries specific to a transparency group attributes behavior in the opaque imaging behavior in the transparent imaging in a viewer preferences in the outline in an outline item item

9 In a page label in a thread in a bead in a transition common to all annotation in a border style in an appearance entries specific to a text entries specific to a link entries specific to a free text entries specific to a line ending entries specific to a square or circle entries specific to markup entries specific to a rubber stamp entries specific to an ink entries specific to a pop-up entries specific to a file attachment entries specific to a sound entries specific to a movie entries specific to a widget common to all action in an annotation s additional-actions in a page object s additional-actions in a form field s additional-actions in the document catalog s additional-actions entries specific to a go-to entries specific to a remote go-to entries specific to a launch action521Ta in a Windows launch parameter entries specific to a thread entries specific to a URI in a URI entries specific to a sound entries specific to a movie entries specific to a hide entries specific to named in the interactive form common to all field flags common to all field entries common to all fields containing variable in an appearance characteristics flags specific to button entry specific to a checkbox entry specific to a radio button flags specific to text entry specific to a text flags specific to choice entries specific to a choice in a signature entries specific to a submit-form for submit-form entries specific to a reset-form for reset-form entries specific to an import-data entries specific to a JavaScript in the FDF trailer in the FDF catalog in the FDF entry in an embedded file stream dictionary for an encrypted FDF in the JavaScript in an FDF field in an icon fit in an FDF page in an FDF template in an FDF named page reference entry for annotation dictionaries in an FDF

10 Entries specific to a sound in a movie in a movie activation dictionary571Ta procedure in the document information entries in a metadata stream entry for components having constructs that do not take in a page-piece in an application data in the structure tree in a structure element in a marked-content reference in an object reference dictionary entries for structure element common to all attribute in the mark information list entries for of font structure types for grouping structure structure types for paragraphlike structure types for list structure types for table structure types for inline-level structure structure types for illustration attribute layout layout attributes common to all standard structure standard layout attributes specific to block-level structure layout attributes specific to inline-level structure list table in the Web Capture information common to all Web Capture content entries specific to a Web Capture page entries specific to a Web Capture image in a source information in a URL alias in a Web Capture command Capture command in a Web