PETER GREVEN

1 PETER GREVEN The PETER GREVEN Company has been producingand developing metallic soaps, lubricants andspecial stabilizers for both the plastics industryand stabilizer manufacturers for many philosophy as a company of the oleochemicalindustry is to deliever high-quality single additivesto our is now used in a wide number of areas, from standardtechnical products to special medical applications. Thisdevelopment would never have been possible without the useof appropriate stabilizers which protect PVC from decompositionwhen exposed to heat or light. Probably the most importantclass of the stabilizers are metallic soaps. Metallic soaps notonly have excellent stabilizing properties, they are also stearate is characterized by its slightly alkaline nature and low electrolyte features provide remarkable better stabilization in comparison to neutralstearates.

2 Calcium stearate is widely used in the manufacture of non-toxic stabilizers,in many cases in connection with zinc stearate. It is dosed in quantities of and phr. Calcium stearate is approved by the BgVV ( Bundesinstitut f rgesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz und Veterin rmedizin or "Federal Institute forConsumer Health Protection and Veterinary Medicine"). It is used mainly formanufacturing foil and plastisols, but is also finding increasing use in the productionof profiles, tubes and cables. Calcium stearate is used in lead-stabilized formulationsdue to its short melting time which opposes the effect of the lead version of LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT ZINKSTEARAT 101/6 is especially suitable for use as a stabilizer for PVC inconnection with calcium or barium stearate.

3 It has good colour properties and highinitial stability. This product offers high free flowing abilities and can be dosed stearate is approved for use in the manufacture of requisites, made of PVC,in accordance with the recommendations of the stearate can be used as a sole stabilizer for PVC. The reasons for this lie in theexcellent complex-chemical properties of divalent lead ions necessary for substitutionof unstable chlorine atoms. The lead chloride formed during the stabilization reactionhas no negative affects on the stability of the PVC. Therefore, it is not necessary touse co-stabilizers. Lead stabilizers and their decomposition products do not increaseconductivity, making them popular stabilizers in the manufacture of PVC cableinsulation.

4 However, lead stabilizers are not suitable for applications where transparencyis BLEISTEARAT 28 used for PVC is usually dosed in quantities of to GREVEN LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 600 LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 600 GL I G A Z I N KST E A R AT 101/ 6 LIGA BLEISTEARAT 28 This low-dust granulate of neutral lead stearate provides better working hygiene andproduct handling. It also reduces the tendency of the dry blend to stearate is used in similar applications to calcium stearate and addition levelsare also stearate can also be used in non-toxic stabilizers as a partial replacementfor calcium stearate. It is approved for use by the BgVV. It has slightly better solubilityin PVC compared to calcium , barium and zinc are also offered in the form of laurate.

5 Compared tostearates, these compounds provide much better stabilization due to their highermetal content. Their high solubility in PVC means they are less likely to plate out,which is particularly advantageous in the case of barium BLEISTEARAT 28 G 1 LIGA BARIUMSTEARATLIGA MAGNESIUMSTEARAT CALCIUMLAURATLIGA ZINKLAURATLIGA BARIUMLAURATL ubricants are just as indispensable as additives in the manufactureof PVC as stabilizers. Lubricants usually are based on straight-chain hydrocarbons with different functional groups. The propertiesfor technical applications vary depending on the ratio betweenthe two components. A distinction is made between internal andexternal lubrication.

6 Internal lubricants are clearly polar and reducethe friction between the individual PVC chains. This results in areduction in the viscosity of the melted PVC, fine transparencyand a low tendency for plate out. External lubricants reduce thefriction between the plastics (polymers) and the tool surface. Thisimproves the quality of the surface of the plastics. However, thisusually leads to an increase in the melting time. By nature, thematerials are more prone to the plate out should also be noted that most lubricants cannot be definitivelyassigned to either one of these groups many of them fallsomewhere in with external lubrication properties based on special carbonic acids.

7 LIGALUBSE is a free flowing powder, which reduces stickiness. It is suitable for use with bothrigid and flexible PVC. LIGALUB SE is also appropriate for transparent , internal lubricant based on a glycerine partial ester. This product is suitablefor all forms of processing and is very soluble in PVC. It improves the surface lustreand dispersibility of the same applications as LIGALUB 10 GE with improved viscosity and handlingproperties, especially at low , free flowing powder lubricant. This neutral ester wax is readily soluble,improves viscosity and reduces the stickiness of 45 FE is an internal lubricant for easy processing of rigid and flexible is suitable for transparent applications and improves the surface properties.

8 Thedistribution of pigments is improved due to its dispersing effect. LIGALUB 45 FE iscompatible with nearly all stabilizing powder lubricant based on a dicarbonic acid ester. This product is extremelysoluble in PVC and is especially suitable for manufacturing complex injection-mouldingparts or profiles made of rigid PVC. LIGALUB FAE has no adverse affects on ester of glycerine. For use as an internal lubricant for extrusion of rigid SELIGALUB 10 GELIGALUB 40/1 FLIGALUB 36 FELIGALUB 45 FELIGALUB FAELIGALUB 11 GELIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 800 LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 860 LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 820 LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 350 LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT CPR-2-VLIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT CPR-5-VLIGA ZINKSTEARAT 101 LIGA ZINKSTEARAT 101 CGLIGA ZINKSTEARAT 101/6 LIGA ZINKSTEARAT ZPR-2-VNeutral calcium stearate for use in PE/PP, for neutralization of catalysts containingchloride.

9 These free flowing powders feature a low content of heavy metals, especiallyiron. This prevents the graying of plastics containing DLTDP. The dosed quantity isusually between and Calcium stearate is BgVV approved for themanufacture of of calcium stearate compound is particularly pure with an extremely low iron andcarbonate content. Additionally, it is suitable for the same areas of applications asthe two products described above. LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 820 has also provedvery useful in special applications such as the production of special fine-particled calcium stearate with a low iron content. This product is particularlyuseful in the manufacture of fibres. In addition, LIGA CALCIUMSTEARAT 350 alsofeatures high thermal stearate precipitate of vegetable origin with extremely fine particle size.

10 Thisproduct is also available in kosher and halal stearate precipitate from a vegetable fatty acid with high transparency andextremely high heat fine neutral zinc stearate precipitate with a low heavy metal content for use inpolyolefines, especially for fibre production. LIGA ZINKSTEARAT 101 CG also featureshigh heat stability and high by direct conversion, free flowing zinc stearate with a low heavy metalcontent. This product has high colour stearate precipitate from a vegetable stearic fatty acid. This product is alsoavailable in kosher and halal to PVC, polyolefines are easy-to-work plastics withnaturally favourable working properties and good thermalstability in the absence of oxygen.