Piping Calculations Manual

1 PipingCalculationsManualE. Shashi Menon, Technologies, York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon LondonMadrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San JuanSeoul Singapore Sydney TorontoDedicated to my motherABOUT THE AUTHORE. SHASHIMENON, , has over 29 years experience in theoil and gas industry, holding positions as design engineer,project engineer, engineering manager, and chief engineerfor major oil and gas companies in the United States. He isthe author ofLiquid Pipeline Hydraulicsand severaltechnical papers. He has taught engineering and computercourses, and is also developer and co-author of over a dozenPC software programs for the oil and gas Menon lives in Lake Havasu City, book covers Piping Calculations for liquids and gases in singlephase steady state flow for various industrial applications.

2 Pipe sizingand capacity Calculations are covered mainly with additional analysis ofstrength requirement for pipes. In each case the basic theory necessaryis presented first followed by several example problems fully worked outillustrating the concepts discussed in each chapter. Unlike a textbookor a handbook the focus is on solving actual practical problems that theengineer or technical professional may encounter in their daily calculation Manual approach has been found to be very successfuland I want to thank Ken McCombs of McGraw-Hill for suggesting book consists of ten chapters and three appendices.

3 As far aspossible Calculations are illustrated using both US Customary Systemof units as well as the metric or SI units. Piping Calculations involvingwater are covered in the first three chapters titled Water Systems Pip-ing, Fire Protection Piping Systems and Wastewater and StormwaterPiping. Water Systems Piping address transportation of water in shortand long distance pipelines. Pressure loss Calculations , pumping horse-power required and pump analysis are discussed with numerous exam-ples. The chapter on Fire Protection Piping Systems covers sprinklersystem design for residential and commercial buildings.

4 WastewaterSystems chapter addresses how wastewater and stormwater pipingis designed. Open channel gravity flow in sewer lines are also 4 introduces the basics of steam Piping systems. Flow of sat-urated and superheated steam through pipes and nozzles are discussedand concepts explained using example 5 covers the flow of compressed air in Piping systems includ-ing flow through nozzles and restrictions. Chapter 6 addresses trans-portation of oil and petroleum products through short and long distancepipelines. Various pressure drop equations used in the oil industry arexvxvi Prefacereviewed using practical examples.

5 Series and parallel Piping config-urations are analyzed along with pumping requirements and pumpperformance. Economic analysis is used to compare alternatives for ex-panding pipeline 7 covers transportation of natural gas and other compress-ible fluids through pipeline. Calculations illustrate how gas Piping aresized, pressures required and how compressor stations are located onlong distance gas pipelines. Economic analysis of pipe loops versus com-pression for expanding throughput are discussed. Fuel Gas DistributionPiping System is covered in chapter 8. In this chapter low pressure gaspiping are analyzed with examples involving Compressed Natural Gas(CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).

6 Chapter 9 covers Cryogenic and Refrigeration Systems Piping . Com-monly used cryogenic fluids are reviewed and capacity and pipe sizingillustrated. Since two phase flow may occur in some cryogenic pipingsystems, the Lockhart and Martinelli correlation method is used in ex-plaining flow of cryogenic fluids. A typical compression refrigerationcycle is explained and pipe sizing illustrated for the suction and dis-charge , chapter 10 discusses transportation of slurry and sludge sys-tems through pipelines. Both newtonian and nonnewtonian slurry sys-tems are discussed along with different Bingham and pseudo-plasticslurries and their behavior in pipe flow.

7 Homogenous and heteroge-neous flow are covered in addition to pressure drop Calculations inslurry would like to thank Ken McCombs of McGraw-Hill for suggestingthe subject matter and format for the book and working with me onfinalizing the contents. He was also aggressive in followthrough to getthe manuscript completed within the agreed time period. I enjoyedworking with him and hope to work on another project with McGraw-Hill in the near future. Lucy Mullins did most of the copyediting. Shewas very meticulous and thorough in her work and I learned a lot fromher about editing technical books.

8 Ben Kolstad, Editorial Services Man-ager of International Typesetting and Composition (ITC), coordinatedthe work wonderfully. Neha Rathor and her team at ITC did the type-setting. I found ITC s work to be very prompt, professional, and of to say, I received a lot of help during the preparation ofthe manuscript. In particular I want to thank my wife Pramila forthe many hours she spent on the computer typing the manuscript andmeticulously proof reading to create the final work product. My father-in-law, A. Mukundan, a retired engineer and consultant, also providedPreface xviivaluable guidance and help in proofing the manuscript.

9 Finally, I wouldlike to dedicate this book to my mother, who passed away recently, butshe definitely was aware of my upcoming book and provided her usualencouragement throughout my Shashi MenonContentsPreface xvChapter 1. Water Systems Properties of Mass and Density and Specific Specific Reynolds Types of Pressure Drop Due to Bernoulli s Darcy Colebrook-White Moody Hazen-Williams Manning Minor Valves and Pipe Enlargement and Pipe Entrance and Exit Complex Piping Series Parallel Total Pressure Effect of Tight Line Slack Line Hydraulic Gravity Pumping Horsepower50viiviii Positive Displacement Centrifugal pumps in Series and System Head Pump Curve versus System Head Flow

10 Injections and Valves and Pipe Stress Pipeline Economics73 Chapter 2. Fire Protection Piping Fire Protection Codes and Types of Fire Protection Belowground Aboveground Hydrants and Design of Piping Pressure Drop Due to Reynolds Types of Darcy-Weisbach Moody Hazen-Williams Friction Loss Losses in Valves and Complex Piping Pipe Centrifugal Net Positive Suction System Head Pump Curve versus System Head Sprinkler System Design126 Chapter 3. Wastewater and Stormwater Properties of Wastewater and Mass and Density and Specific Specific Reynolds Types of Flow141 Contents Pressure Drop Due to Manning Darcy Colebrook-White Moody Hazen-Williams Minor Valves and Pipe Enlargement and Pipe Entrance and Exit Sewer Piping Sanitary Sewer System Self-Cleansing Storm Sewer Time of Runoff Complex Piping Series Parallel Total Pressure Effect of Tight Line Slack Line Hydraulic Gravity Pumping Positive