Power electronics for EV/HEV 2016: market, …

1 From Technologies to MarketSampleFrom Technologies to market 2016 Power electronicsfor EV/HEV 2016 : market , innovations and trendsReport spresentation 20163 report OBJECTIVES Provide updated market metrics and forecasts for electrified vehicles Analyze the differences between geographical areas, the incentives and the brakes for market growth Present main technological trends and ongoing developments for Power electronics targeting automotive at each level (inverter, Power module, Power device) Provide updated market metrics and forecasts for Power electronics (split by type of electrified vehicle) Present batteries evolution and its impact on Power electronics Analyze business models evolution and supply-chain moves 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Glossary 4 report objectives5 What we got right,what we got wrong6 Companies cited in the report7 Executive Summary8 News wrap-up25 market evolution for electrified vehicles30 Different types of vehicles and their market31 What made the market grow in the last years?

2 44 What are the remaining brakes forelectrified cars growth? 54 Future and perspectives for electrified vehicles60 Whatabout Chinese market ? 65 Power electronics andEV/HEV77 Technology evolutions90 Power densityincrease inside electrified vehicles91 Innovations at inverterlevel: topology and mechatronics96 Innovations at module level: Power packaging and integration125 Power devices: silicon and WBG149 Energy storage:a key challenge to face165 Batteries in electrified vehicles166 Fuel cell vehicles178 Business model, supply-chainand leaders185 Innovations and evolutionperspectives195 Conclusion200 Related report and events203 Company presentation205 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample5 Biography& contactABOUT THE AUTHORSC oralie Le Le Bret has been an analyst in Power electronics and compound semiconductor technologies since 2014, at YoleD veloppement, the "More than Moore" market research and strategy consulting company.

3 She gratuatedfrom INSA Lyon with an engineering degree in material sciences, specializing in semiconductors and microelectronics. At YoleD veloppementshe is in charge of electro-mobility, and she uses her expertise on materials and semiconductors to follow Power devices and Power packaging evolution. 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample6 COMPANIES CITED IN THE REPORTAVL, BAIC, Beiqi, BMW, Bollor , Bosch, BYD, Changan Automobile, Chery, Continental, CRRC/Dynex, Daimler, Delphi, Denso, Dongfeng, Elaphe, Faraday Future, DAW, Fiat, Ford, Fuji Electric, Geely, General Motors, Google, Great Wall Motors, Hitachi, Honda, Huanghai, Hyundai, Infineon/International Rectifier, JAC, Kandi, Kia, Macmic, Michelin, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Motors, Nissan, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Porsche, Protean, Renault, SAIC, Schaeffler, Semikron, Siemens, ST Microelectronics, Tesla Motors, Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicles, Toshiba, Toyota, Uber, Valeo, Volkswagen, Volvo, WanxiangElectric Vehicles.

4 Zotye 2016 | | EV/HEV report -SampleReport sextract 20168 NEWS WRAP-UP -Q4 2015 RenaultandDongfengannouncedpartnershipto produceelectricFluence-basedcarforChina BYDannouncedpartnershipwithASMC toproducetheirownIGBTs Toyotarevealeditsplanforfuel-cellvehicle s:targetis30,000hydrogenfuelcellcarssale sannuallyby2020 Hondaunveiledtheworldpremiereofitsfuel-c ellvehicle,withstartofsaleforecastedforM arch2016 Californiaannouncedthetargetof100%zero-e missionvehiclessalesby2050 Daimlerpresenteditsfuel-cellcaratTokyoMo torShow(prototype) LocalMotorscompany(US)presentedits3 Dprintedelectriccar,theLM3 DSwim Audi,BMW,Daimler,Porsche,Volkswagenandot hersarepartof150kWcharINCCS fastchargeinitiative China sGovernmentannouncedthetargetof5,000,000 chargingspotsby2020 Volkswagenannouncedtheincreaseofinvestde dicatedtoelectrificationby 100 Mfor2016 CadillacCEOannouncedthatmostofnewmodelsw illgetPHEV version BMWannouncedanaccelerationofeffortsonplu g-inelectriccarsinordertomeetCO2emission limits Canada sGovernmentgranteda$20millionhelpforpubl iccharginginfrastructuredevelopment Fuel-celltechnologygota$35millionboostfr omUSEnergyDepartment 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample9 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEHICLES AND THEIR MARKETWhat about electrified cars?

5 Accordingto Yole estimations, full electriccars shouldhit the 1% marketsharesby 2017-2018 Evenifthefirstelectriccarwasbornatthebeg inningof20thcentury,thefirstrepresentati vesalesofelectrifiedcarsstartedin2013 Sincethatyear,vehicleelectrificationisgr owing Between2014and2015,theamountoffullelectr iccarssoldwasmultipliedby2,whichisveryen couragingforthefuture By2021,weexpectelectrifiedcarstorepresen talmost20%ofthesales 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample10 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEHICLES AND THEIR MARKETTop electric vehicles companies in 2015 (for EV+PHEV)China sweightissobigthat2 of the 5 leadingcompaniesfor EV+PHEV are Chinese Dependingonthegeographicalareaandonthety peofelectrificationthatisthemostcommon(f ullEVorPHEV),differentcarmakersareleadin gthemarket InChina,almostallelectrifiedcarssoldarem adebyChinesecompanies(otherwisethereisno incentivefromthestate).

6 ConsideringthehugeweightofChinainelectri fiedcarsmarket,2ofthe5leadingcompaniesar eChinese Toyota,pioneerofelectrification,isnotpar tofthetop5mainlybecauseofdelayonlaunchin gofthenewPrius Althoughthecompanyprovidedonlyonevehicle formostoftheyear,TeslaMotors successisconfirmedbya4thplaceinthe2015ra nking12435~62k~45k~38k~26k~35kSales for 2015581122 Amount of vehicles in the offer 2016 | | EV/HEV report -SampleTesla Motors11 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEHICLES AND THEIR MARKETR anking for EV and PHEV sold in 2015, China excludedDespitethe high sellingprice, Tesla Model S isleadingthe market XxxwasthemostpopularEVin2015despitebeing a luxurycar Xxxisstillasurevaluewithmorethan25,000un itssold XxxbecamethemostsoldPHEVin2015,anditsgro wthcouldbeevenhigherasitwasnotsoldintheU Sin2015 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample12 CHINESEEVMARKETI mportance of China for electrified vehicles futureChina marketsharesfor electricvehicleswillgrowstronglyin the future, especiallyfor public transportation In2015 Chinaalreadyrepresentedxxx%ofthemarketfo relectricvehicles(EV+PHEV,inUnits).

7 ChineseGovernment shelpsanddynamismofthismarketwillhelpitg rowinthefuture,toreachalmostthehalfofthe marketby2020 ,andweexpectChinatohavealmost90%ofelectr icbusmarketby2020 Passenger cars -2015 Passenger cars -2020 Bus -2015 Bus -2020xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxSource for Chinesefigures:Statusof the ChinesePower electronics Industryreport, 2015 Figures given for EV+PHEVC hinaROWF igures given for full electric busesChinaROW 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample13 Power electronics BUSINESS UPDATEI nverter market and forecasts for electrified vehicles (in M $) 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample14 Power electronics BUSINESS UPDATEPart of EV/HEV in overall Power module market evolution between 2015 and 2021EV/HEV will take important shares in Power module market to finally represent half of the market by 2021 Total: $xxxBTotal: $xxxBPower modules consideredhereare mostlyIGBT modules, as itisthe mainstreamfor EV/HEV .

8 SomeMOSFET modules are alsousedfor lowerpowers, and by 2021 weexpectthatsomeSiCmodules willenter the market . 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample15 SPECIFIC Power DENSITYEV/HEV examples -kW/kgConcerning the specific Power density, here again, hybrid vehicles show the highest values. 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample201520202025 DOE Targets: Inverter s Power density without taking into account the DC/DC boost:More efforts need to be done on the BEV segment to attain the targets presented by the DOEH ybrid vehiclesFull electric vehicles16 TOPOLOGYAND MECATRONICSI nnovations at inverterlevelPresentationof differenttopologies and innovations at inverterlevel 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample17 MILD HYBRID VEHICLESM otor-Inverter integration So far, the integration of Power converters on the electric motor housing has just been seeing in mild hybrid cars, as low powers are involved (5-15kW).

9 This integration between the electric motor and the inverter will be a strong trend for this category of electrified vehicles. The electric motors are considered an auxiliary help for the ICE traction (belt-connection mainly). Continental provides a motor-inverter solution of permanently 5kW Power (peak 13kW), for a 48V mild hybrid architecture. The weight of the whole is 12kg. The mild hybrid Volkswagen Golf TSI is using this technology from 48V mild hybrid architecture is wide spreading among car OEMs and in several cases, they are using motor + inverter integrated solutions. Continental s 5kW (max. 13kW) motor + inverter used by VolkswagenHigh integration is achieved with motor-inverter mechatronics in mild hybrid hybrids 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample18 Power MODULE LEVELP ower module types and positioning of manufacturerEachcar manufacturer has specificstrategy, and Power module chosencandependon the car model.

10 Generictrend seemsto bereducingthe amountof switches in the module2in1 Power module6in1 Power module all-in-1 Power module4in1 Power module20102014---------------Tesla Model S---------Toyota Prius---Toyota Camry---2008 Honda CivicNissan Leaf---------1in1 Power moduleDiscrete devices20152013201220112016------Amount of switches in 1 module 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample19 Power MODULE LEVELO vermoldedmodules and double side cooling: a future generalization?Double sidecoolingfitswellwithovermoldedmodules . Consideringthe context, weexpectthosemodules to spread in the future Overmoldingmoduleswerefirstusedthankstot heirlowcost,especiallyinhybridvehicles Double-sidecoolingallowsabetterthermalma nagementinareducedvolume,whichisakeycons traininhybridvehicles Intheotherhand,withincreaseofjunctiontem perature, Weareconfidentinastrongdevelopmentofover moldeddouble-sidecooledmodulesinthefutur e2020202520152010 Level of electrification / Power of the moduleMildHEVFull HEVPHEVBEVCost reductionTimeOther companiesMajor companiesalreadyhave overmoldeddouble-sidecooledmodules in theirportfolio 2016 | | EV/HEV report -Sample20 ConvertersSSVMildHEVFullHEVPHEV (with EREV) EV (BEVor FCV) 10kWAv: DC/DC converter 14V (toMOSFET / 3kW Av.)