Project Cycle Management Technical Guide

1 Project Cycle Management Technical GuideSEAGAS ocio-Economic and Gender Analysis ProgrammeFood and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations 2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.

2 Applications for such permission, with a statement of the Director, Gender and Population Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. FAO 2001 Prepared by Clare Bishop in collaboration with the Socio-economic and Gender Analysis (SEAGA) Programme The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

3 3 Executive Summary The overall objective of the SEAGA programme is to strengthen socio-economic and gender analysis capabilities at regional, national and local levels. Three manuals that present tools and methodologies for conducting analysis at the macro, intermediate and field levels underpin the programme. In addition, there are several specialist Technical guides that demonstrate the application of SEAGA principles to specific aspects of natural resource Management ; this manual forms part of the Technical Guide series.

4 The purpose of this manual is to create a new synergy by bringing together Project Management practices and socio-economic and gender issues within the conceptual framework of SEAGA. This is achieved by drawing on other theoretical perspectives and methods including Project Cycle Management , the logical framework, rapid appraisal techniques, participatory approaches, and gender analysis and stakeholder identification. The manual is principally written for practitioners at the operational level in government, Non Governmental Organisations, Civil Society Organisations and the private sector.

5 It will also be of interest to people working at policy level and academicians. Following an overview of the Project Cycle presented in Section 2, the structure for the manual is based on key stages in the Project Cycle : Project identification (Section 3), Project design (Section 4), Project appraisal (Section 5), proposal preparation (Section 6), and monitoring and evaluation (Section 7). In each section, various concepts and techniques are discussed prior to demonstrating their practical application with examples. The latter are based on three case studies developed from field experience in eastern Africa: fishing communities on Lake Victoria, rural road rehabilitation, and adult literacy projects.

6 I would like to extend my thanks to the communities who participated in the fieldwork and to my fieldwork colleagues: Nite Baza Tanzarn and Mrs Forough Olinga, both from the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University, Kampala; and Stellah Tumwebaze and Simon Kisira, both from LABE (a Non Governmental Organisation specialising in adult literacy and education based in Kampala). 4 Contents 1 Introduction Project Management and Socio-economic Issues 8 Purpose of Manual 8 SEAGA 9 Structure of Manual 9 2 Overview of the Project Cycle Nature of Projects 11 The

7 Project Cycle 11 Integrating SEAGA into the Project Cycle 12 3 Project Identification Initial Review 14 Situational Analysis 17 Socio-economic and Gender Analysis 17 Identification of Potential Projects 20 Checklist 21 Case Study A Example of Project Identification in a Fishing Community 22 4 Project Design Logical Framework 38 Work Plans

8 45 Case Study B Example of Project Design in a Fishing Community 47 5 Project Appraisal Social Appraisal 54 Gender Appraisal 55 Social Cost Benefit Analysis 57 Case Study C Example of Social and Gender Appraisals of Rural Road Rehabilitation 61 6 Proposal Preparation Understanding Perspectives 77 Key Points to Address 78 Proposal Outline 78 Gathering the Evidence 79 Writing Style

9 79 7 Project Monitoring and Evaluation Monitoring 80 Evaluation 81 Procedure for Monitoring and Evaluation 83 5 Case Study D Example of Evaluating a Project Promoting Health Messages 86 Bibliography 101 6 List of Figures 1 Key Themes in Manual 2 2 Stages in the Project Cycle 5 List of Tables 1 Linkages between SEAGA Approach and Stages in Project Cycle 5 2 Relationship

10 Between Nature of Problem and Stakeholders 7 3 Logical Framework 29 4 Relationship between Project Structure and External Environment 31 5 Classification of Stakeholders by Ability to Influence a Project 45 6 Gender Analysis Matrix 47 List of Boxes 1 The Four Es 10 2 Examples of Proj