RELEASE 1 - VSAT Handbook - ImageEvent

1 PREFACEThe intelsat vsat Handbook was prepared by theINTELSAT Applications Support and Training department. Thehandbook is provided free of charge to intelsat signatoriesand users under intelsat 's Assistance and DevelopmentProgram (IADP) and intelsat Signatory Training Program(ISTP).From time to time intelsat will update the Handbook and ifyou have any question or a suggestion concerning it you canaddress it to:The Manager,Application Support and Training (IADP/ISTP),Mail Stop 20B, intelsat ,3400 International Drive, , 20008-3098 Telephone:+1 202 944 7070 Facsimile:+1 202 944 8214 Telex:(WUT) 89-2707 International Telex: (WUI) 64290 First printed on:September 1998 vsat Handbook - Table of Contents/ForewordPage - iINTELSAT vsat HANDBOOKSEPTEMBER 1998 Contents1.

2 INTRODUCTION TO vsat NETWORKS VIA Introduction to vsat What Is a vsat ? .. vsat Networks Versus Terrestrial vsat Satellite Network Satellite Frequency vsat Overview of vsat Benefits of vsat Networks ..173. MULTIPLE-ACCESS PROTOCOLS .. Satellite Capacity Access Satellite Network Access Protocols .. TDM/TDMA Networks .. SCPC/DAMA vsat Protocol Implementation .. User Protocols ..304. PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTING vsat NETWORKS VIA THE INTELSATSYSTEM .. Definition of Service Traffic Network Performance Defining The Network Size And Network Design Versus Available Evaluation of Investment and Network Implementation Costs.

3 Operational Implementation Plan .. Procurement Specification - The Request for Proposal (RFP).. Post- Implementation Issues ..555. vsat NETWORK ARCHITECTURE AND TOP LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS .. Analysis of Service Data Networks ..58 vsat Handbook - Table of Contents/ForewordPage - iiINTELSAT vsat HANDBOOKSEPTEMBER Shared Hub Distributed hub Shared Hub or Distributed Hub?.. Network Management and Control Center (NMCC).. Administrative Operational Voice ITU and Voice vsat IBS Description of Technical Typical vsat Type Approved CALCULATION OF SATELLITE The LST Program.

4 Performing a Link Budget with Preliminary Earth Station Specific Carrier Link Budget Analysis Interpreting the How to Reduce the Required Leased Saving or Retrieving a Capacity THE ITU RECOMMENDATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ITU General Recommendations (Rec. ITU-R ).. Recommendation on Spurious Emissions (Rec. ITU-R ).. Recommendation on Cross-Polarization Isolation (Rec. ITU-R ).. Recommendations on Off-Axis (Rec. ITU-R ).. Recommendations on Control and Monitoring Functions (Rec.)

5 European intelsat Type-Approved intelsat Business Services for VSATs ( vsat IBS)..1118. CASE STUDIES OF vsat APPLICATIONS AND Handbook - Table of Contents/ForewordPage - iiiINTELSAT vsat HANDBOOKSEPTEMBER Case Study 1. vsat Financial Case Study 2. VSATs for Rural Communications .. Case Study 3. Internet Services via intelsat ..124 Appendix A. List of Acronyms and B. Exceedance Curves for Different Climatic Zones of the C. Model vsat Request for of FiguresFigure 1-1. Block Diagram of a Typical vsat 2 Figure 1-2.

6 Typical Block Diagram of a Hub Earth 3 Figure 1-3. Typical Terrestrial Network.. 5 Figure 1-4. Cost Comparison Between Terrestrial and vsat 6 Figure 1-5. Commonly Used vsat 7 Figure 2-1. Illustration of One-Way Applications.. 12 Figure 2-2. Internet Broadcast with Terrestrial Return 13 Figure 2-3. Application Examples for Interactive vsat 14 Figure 2-4. Voice Applications 15 Figure 2-5. vsat -WLL Network Architecture 16 Figure 3-1. Different Layers of Protocols Used in vsat Networks.. 19 Figure 3-3. Typical Multiple-Access Protocols from the Satellite AccessPerspective.

7 22 Figure 3-4. Operation of multiple-access protocols.. 24 Figure 3-5. Operation of DA-TDMA..25 Figure 3-7. Operation of SCPC/DAMA Protocol.. 28 Figure 3-8. General View of vsat 30 Figure 3-9. Typical vsat Emulating a Terrestrial Data Protocol.. 31 Figure 4-1. Block Diagram of Network Equipment and 42 Figure 5-1. Shared Hub 59 Figure 5-2. Block Diagram Illustrating the Distributed Hub 60 Figure 5-3. Erlangs per DAMA Channel Under Different 64 Figure 5-4. Block Diagram Of Typical vsat /IBS Terminal .. 68 Figure 6-1.

8 Program Icon for LST4x.. 73 Figure 6-2. Satellite Selection 73 vsat Handbook - Table of Contents/ForewordPage - ivINTELSAT vsat HANDBOOKSEPTEMBER 1998 Figure 6-3. Startup Menu for the LST 74 Figure 6-4. Dialog Boxes for the Selection of Satellite and Satellite 74 Figure 6-5. intelsat Four Service Regions.. 75 Figure 6-6. Information Specific to Earth Stations.. 78 Figure 6-7. Example of Pattern Advantage 79 Figure 6-8. Antenna s 81 Figure 6-9. Carrier Parameters Dialog Boxes.. 82 Figure 6-10. Edit Box for the Link Performance.

9 83 Figure 6-11. Eb/No versus BER for BPSK/QPSK and Different FEC Ratios (ViterbiDecoding).. 84 Figure 6-12. BER IN/BER OUT for Outer 85 Figure 6-13. C-Band and Ku-Band Attenuation Exceedance Curves for an 87 Figure 6-14. Analysis Type 88 Figure 6-15. Summary Table with the Results from LST.. 89 Figure 7-1. Limits for Off-Axis Spurious 108 Figure 8-1. Block Diagram of a vsat Network Using a Satellite Link for the Hub-to-Host Link.. 118 Figure 8-2. SCPC/DAMA Network 120 Figure 8-3. Coverage Map and Block Diagram of the Internet 125 Figure B-1.

10 ITU Climatic Zones - 140 Figure B-2. ITU Climatic Zones - Europe and 141 Figure B-3. ITU Climatic Zones - Asia, Australia, and 142 Figure B-4. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zones A, B, and 143 Figure B-5. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zone 144 Figure B-6. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zones E, F, and 145 Figure B-7. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zone 146 Figure B-8. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zone 147 Figure B-9. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zone 148 Figure B-10. Exceedance Curves for Climatic Zone 149 Figure B-11.