SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 7 - Pearson Education

1 780130587077900001 ISBN 0-13-058707-9 PRENTICE HALLSCIENCEEXPLORERPRENTICE HALLSCIENCEEXPLORERG rade 7 Grade 7 Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookGuided Reading and Study workbook Promotes active reading and enhances students study skills using innovative questioning strategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats for every section of the text to reach a wide variety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learn Promotes active reading and enhances students study skills using innovative questioning strategies and exercises linked to the student text Builds a record of students work to use as a studyaid for quizzes and tests Provides a wide range of question formats for every section of the text to reach a wide variety of learners Gives parents a handy resource to help studentsstudy and learnGUIDEDREADINGANDSTUDYWORKBOOKG rade 7 Prentice HallSCIENCEEXPLORERGUIDEDREADINGANDSTUDY WORKBOOKG rade 7 See us on the HALLG rade 7 Guided ReadingandStudy WorkbookStudent EditionNeedham, MassachusettsUpper Saddle River, New JerseyGlenview, IllinoisGrade 7 GSW-7_FM-SE/FNL 5/2/01 12:43 PM Page iCopyright 2002 by Prentice-Hall, Inc.

2 , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey rights in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permissionshould be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrievalsystem, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or likewise. Student worksheets and tests may be duplicated for classroom use, the number not toexceed the number of students in each class. Notice of copyright must appear on all copies. Forinformation regarding permissions(s), write to: Rights and Permissions 0-13-058707-9 23 (V016) 14 13 12 11 GSW-7_FM-SE/FNL 5/29/02 3:33 PM Page iiScience ExplorerGrade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbookiii Prentice-Hall, Is SCIENCE ? ..1 Chapter 1 The Properties of Matter ..51 1 Matter and Changes in Matter ..51 2 Organizing the Elements.

3 81 3 Metals ..101 4 Nonmetals and Metalloids ..12 Chapter 2 Elements FormingCompounds ..172 1 Atoms and Ionic Bonds ..172 2 Atoms and Covalent Bonds ..202 3 Crystal Chemistry ..22 Chapter 3 Everyday Changes inSubstances ..253 1 Understanding Solutions ..253 2 Describing Acids and Bases ..283 3 Acids and Bases in Solution ..313 4 Digestion and pH ..34 Chapter 4 Motion and Forces ..374 1 The Nature of Force and Motion ..374 2 Force, Mass, and Acceleration ..404 3 Friction and Gravity ..414 4 Action and Reaction ..444 5 Forces in Fluids ..47 Chapter 5 Work and Machines ..535 1 What is Work? ..535 2 Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency ..555 3 Simple Machines ..575 4 Machines in Human Systems ..61 Chapter 6 Energy and Power ..656 1 The Nature of Energy ..656 2 Energy Conversion and Conservation ..676 3 Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels.

4 696 4 Power ..71 Chapter 7 Weathering and SoilFormation ..757 1 Rocks and Weathering ..757 2 Soil Formation and Composition ..787 3 Soil Conservation ..81 Chapter 8 Erosion and Deposition ..858 1 Changing Earth s Surface ..858 2 Water Erosion ..878 3 The Force of Moving Water ..908 4 Glaciers ..928 5 Waves and Wind ..958 6 Earth Systems and Catastrophic Events ..98 Chapter 9 The Earth Moon System .1019 1 Earth in Space ..1019 2 Phases, Eclipses, and Tides ..1039 3 Earth s Moon ..1079 4Is There Life Beyond Earth? ..110 Chapter 10 Bones, Muscles, and Skin ..11310 1 Organization and Homeostasis ..11310 2 The Skeletal System ..11810 3 The Muscular System ..12110 4 The Skin ..123 Chapter 11 Food and Digestion ..12711 1 Food and Energy ..12711 2 The Digestive Process Begins ..13211 3 Final Digestion and Absorption.

5 134 Chapter 12 Circulation ..13712 1 The Body s Transportation System ..13712 2 A Closer Look at Blood Vessels ..13912 3 Blood and Lymph ..14112 4 Cardiovascular Health ..143 Chapter 13 Respiration and Excretion ..14713 1 The Respiratory System ..14713 2 Smoking and Your Health ..15113 3 The Excretory System ..153 Chapter 14 Fighting Disease ..15714 1 Infectious Disease ..15714 2 The Body s Defenses ..15814 3 Preventing Infectious Disease ..16114 4 Noninfectious Disease ..163 Table of ContentsGSW-7_FM-SE/FNL 5/2/01 12:43 PM Page iii Prentice-Hall, OF CONTENTS(continued)ivGuided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, 15 The Nervous System ..16715 1 How the Nervous System Works ..16715 2 Divisions of the Nervous System ..16915 3 The Senses ..17215 4 Alcohol and Other Drugs.

6 174 Chapter 16 The Endocrine System and Reproduction ..17916 1 The Endocrine System ..17916 2 The Male and Female ReproductiveSystems ..18216 3 The Human Life Cycle ..18516 4 Reproduction and Genetics ..190 Chapter 17 Ecosystems and Biomes ..19317 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems ..19317 2 Biogeography ..19717 3 Earth s Biomes ..19917 4 Succession: Equilibrium in Ecosystems ..202 Chapter 18 Relating to the Environment ..20518 1 Adaptations and the Environment ..20518 2 Animal Behavior ..20718 3 Patterns of Behavior ..209 Chapter 19 Living Resources ..21319 1 Environmental Issues ..21319 2 Forests and Fisheries ..21519 3 Biodiversity ..217 GSW-7_FM-SE/FNL 5/2/01 12:43 PM Page ivScience EXPLORER Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook1 Prentice-Hall, _____Date _____Class _____WHATISSCIENCE?(pages 10-19)This section explains the skills that scientists use to solve problems and find answers .

7 Italso tells about safety in the laboratory and branches of (page 10) way of learning about the natural world is . is scientific inquiry?Scientific inquiry is the many ways in which scientists study the natural Like a Scientist (pages 10 15) the letter of the skill that scientific inquiry usually begins an a the following sentence true or false? An inference is a the following sentence true or false? A hypothesis is a possible explanation for a set of is a controlled experiment?An experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the the letter of the manipulated variable in the tomato facts, figures, and other observations that are gathered through using one or more of your senses are called .datatruefalsescienceGSW-7_00/FNL 4/18/01 1:35 PM Page 1303234363840 Height (cm)DayGrowth of Unfertilized andFertilized Tomato Plants42440 36912 Fertilized plantUnfertilized plant1518212 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, _____Date _____Class is it important for scientists to use a standard system ofmeasurement?

8 With a standard system of measurement, scientists from all over the world can communicate their findings with one this graph to answer the questions Is SCIENCE ?(continued) the heights of the two tomato plants after six plants are the same the heights of the two tomato plants after 21 fertilized plant is 6 cm taller than the unfertilized does it mean to draw a conclusion?Drawing a conclusion means to sum up what you have learned from the do scientists communicate their conclusions to other scientists?Scientists write articles in scientific journals, attend scientific meetings, and use the 4/18/01 1:35 PM Page 2 SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook3 Prentice-Hall, _____Date _____Class _____Scientific Theories and Laws (page 16) is a scientific theory?A scientific theory is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of the following sentence true of false?

9 Future testing can prove a scientific theory to be Safety (page 16) the letter of each safe laboratory respect to your teacher and proper safety lab materials your work area neat and of SCIENCE (pages 18 19) the four main branches of and the Internet (page 19) the letter of each way that scientists use to see tiny to make to make to communicateenvironmental sciencelife scienceEarth sciencephysical sciencetrueA concept map is a useful tool to organize information. Make a concept map to show the skillsthat scientists use in an investigation. For more information about concept maps, see page 660in the Skills Handbook of your Skill PracticeStudents should include the skills described on pages 10 4/18/01 1:35 PM Page 34 Guided Reading and Study WorkbookScience EXPLORER Grade 7 Prentice-Hall, Is SCIENCE ?(continued)Name _____Date _____Class _____WordWiseAnswer the questions by writing the correct key term in the blanks.

10 Use the circled letter ineach term to find the hidden key term. Then write a definition for the hidden key is a factor that can be changed in an experiment?What includes all of the knowledge gained while exploring the natural world?What is a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations?What is a possible explanation for a set of observations?What skill involves using one or more of your senses to gather information and collect data?What is the factor that changes in an experiment because of the manipulated variable?What is the one variable that is changed in an experiment to test a hypothesis?What is an experiment in which all of the variables except for one remain the same?What term describes the many ways in which scientists study the natural world?Key Term:Definition:An inference is an interpretation of an observation that is based on evidence or prior 4/18/01 1:35 PM Page 4 SCIENCE EXPLORER Grade 7 Guided Reading and Study Workbook5 Prentice-Hall, _____Date _____Class _____CHAPTER 1 THEPROPERTIES OFMATTERM atter and Changes in Matter(pages 24-30)This section describes properties of matter and how matter can be classified.