SECTION 3: SUB BASE AND BASE COURSES

1 February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) Page i SECTION 3: SUB base AND base COURSES February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) Page ii SECTION 3: SUB base AND base COURSES Table of Contents _Toc148939433 SECTION MATERIALS FOR SUB- base AND base COURSES _____ 1 SCOPE _____ 1 GENERAL _____ 1 GRANULAR MATERIAL FOR SUB- base _____ 4 AGGREGATE FOR base COURSES _____ 5 STABILIZING AGENTS _____ 6 MEASUREMENT _____ 7 SECTION GRANULAR SUB- base course _____ 8 SCOPE _____ 8 MATERIALS _____ 8 SUBGRADE SURFACE PREPARATION _____ 8 EQUIPMENT _____ 8 CONSTRUCTION OF TRIAL SECTIONS _____ 9 CONSTRUCTION _____ 9 TESTING _____ 11 MEASUREMENT _____ 12 SECTION AGGREGATE base course _____ 13 SCOPE _____ 13 MATERIALS _____ 13 SURFACE PREPARATION _____ 13 EQUIPMENT _____ 13 CONSTRUCTION OF TRIAL SECTIONS_____ 13 CONSTRUCTION _____ 14 TESTING _____ 16 MEASUREMENT _____ 17

2 February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) MATERIALS FOR SUB base AND base course - Page 1 of 19 SECTION MATERIALS FOR SUB- base AND base COURSES SCOPE A. This SECTION covers the requirements for the characteristics, source, supply and storage of sub base and base course pavement materials B. Materials specified for use in the construction of sub- base and base COURSES for flexible and rigid pavements include the following: - Screened or partially crushed granular material consisting of well graded gravel, crushed stone or crushed gravel for sub- base course construction. - Crushed stone for base course construction. - Stabilizing materials including Portland cement, bitumen and lime to be used where specified in sub- base and base COURSES and in subgrades.

3 GENERAL A. Sources and Production All material sources and the quality of materials proposed for use in the Works shall be approved by the Engineer prior to procuring or processing material from such sources. Inspection, sampling, testing and retesting shall be at the Contractor's expense in accordance with Part 1- SECTION : Samples and Approvals and as specified hereunder for specific materials. Location of sources and manufacturers of materials in accordance with the requirements of the Specification is the responsibility of the Contractor, who shall produce the required granular materials and aggregates at the rates and in the quantities necessary to complete the Works on time. The Contractor shall have satisfied himself as to the location, suitability and quantity of materials available, the extent of work necessary to obtain the material available, the work required to open the quarry, crush, screen and wash the materials and the length of haul to the Site.

4 Prior to starting quarrying or borrow pit operations the Contractor shall obtain written permission from the relevant authorities and owners. All screening or crushing and screening plant shall be approved by the Engineer prior to being put into operation. If any plant fails to perform as intended the Contractor shall either rectify the defects in the existing plant to the satisfaction of the Engineer or provide suitable alternatives. February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) MATERIALS FOR SUB base AND base course - Page 2 of 19 Approval of the crushing and screening plants and other equipment shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibilities in respect of producing granular materials and aggregates which conform to the Specification and in the quantities required for the completion of the Works on time.

5 B. Stockpiling Storage and handling of all materials shall conform to the relevant requirements of Part 1 of the Specification, SECTION 4-6 Samples and Approvals. Materials shall be stored on hard, clean, well drained surfaces as approved or as directed by the Engineer. All topsoil in stockpile areas shall be stripped and stored in berms or bunds less than in height prior to stockpiling of materials. The prepared stockpile areas shall be surveyed prior to stockpiling to establish control points and to obtain a record of existing cross sections for future use in determining stockpile quantities. The areas shall be adequately drained at all times. Stockpiling procedures shall not result in noticeable degradation or segregation of the stockpiled material, the introduction of foreign materials into the stockpile or coning.

6 Heights of granular material and aggregate stockpiles shall not exceed 3 m. Granular material that, in the opinion of the Engineer, has been adversely affected by stockpiling or handling procedures shall not be incorporated in the Works, regardless of previous approval of such material until the deficiencies have been rectified in an acceptable manner. Stockpile areas shall be reinstated, including the spreading of stored topsoil, to the satisfaction of the Engineer on completion of stockpiling activities C. Sampling and Testing Sampling and testing procedures shall conform to the relevant requirements of Part 1- SECTION 4-6: Samples and Approvals of the Specification and with the following requirements. The Contractor shall submit to the Engineer, at least 10 days prior to the scheduled beginning of crushing and screening operations, a statement of origin and composition of all stone and/or gravel aggregates and granular materials proposed for use in the Works.

7 In order to ascertain the properties of granular and aggregate materials, the Contractor shall submit for testing and approval representative samples of all materials intended for incorporation in the Works, prior to starting quarry or borrow pit operations. The representative samples shall be taken by the Contractor in the presence of the Engineer. February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) MATERIALS FOR SUB base AND base course - Page 3 of 19 Tests performed by the Contractor shall be used for assessing the locations, extent of deposits and quantities of materials that will conform to the Specification when properly processed but shall not obviate the need for further testing if required by the Engineer. Approval of specific sources of materials shall not be construed as final approval and acceptance of materials from such sources.

8 The Contractor shall conduct necessary tests on materials in field laboratories in the presence of the Engineer and the Contractor's Materials Engineer. Processed materials shall be tested and approved before being stockpiled on Site or incorporated in the Works and shall be inspected and tested at any time during preparation, storage and use. Materials awaiting testing and approval shall not be unloaded and mixed with materials previously approved. If the grading or quality of any materials delivered to the Site does not conform to requirements of the Specification, the Engineer shall reject these materials. Materials shall be tested in accordance with Table after mixing with water at the mixing plant. Samples shall satisfy all specified test requirements.

9 The Contractor shall permit the Engineer to inspect any and all materials used or to be used, at any time during or after their preparation or while being used during progress of the Works. Materials not complying with the Specification, whether in place or not, shall be removed promptly from the Site. The Contractor shall furnish all necessary labour, transport, tools and equipment required by the Engineer for such inspections. Table : Required Tests and Minimum Repetition for Sub base and base course Materials Source of Materials Required Tests Repetition Required for all Tests 1. Gradation of Materials 2. Plasticity Index Test for each source and every 2000 m3 1. Abrasion 2. 3. Soundness 4. Percentage of fractured Grains ( base course ) 5.

10 Clay content 6. Sand equivalent When material source or process changes and when otherwise instructed by the Engineer February 2008 (Project) Version CDR Standard Specifications (Consultant) MATERIALS FOR SUB base AND base course - Page 4 of 19 GRANULAR MATERIAL FOR SUB- base A. Granular material for use in sub- base COURSES shall be a naturally occurring gravel, blended as necessary with fine or coarse material and screened to produce the specified gradation. Crushing of natural granular material shall not normally be required, unless for meeting the grading requirements, producing a higher quality sub- base with improved mechanical stability or when shown on the Drawings. B. Gravel shall consist of hard, durable and sound rock fragments, free from dirt, organic matter, shale and other deleterious substances.