SERIES 1600 PILING AND EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS

1 March 1998 manual OF CONTRACT DOCUMENTS FOR HIGHWAY WORKSVOLUME 1 SPECIFICATION FOR HIGHWAY WORKS1 SERIES 1600 PILING AND EMBEDDED RETAININGWALLSC ontentsClauseTitlePage1601 General Requirements for Pilingand EMBEDDED RETAINING Walls21602 Precast Reinforced and PrestressedConcrete Piles and PrecastReinforced Concrete SegmentalPiles31603 Bored Cast-in-Place Piles101604 Bored Piles Constructed UsingContinuous Flight Augers andConcrete or Grout InjectionThrough Hollow Auger Stems151605 Driven Cast-in-Place Piles181606 Steel Bearing Piles201607 Reduction of Friction on Piles241608 Non-Destructive Methods forTesting Piles251609 static load Testing of Piles271610 Diaphragm Walls331611 Hard/Hard Secant pile Walls361612 Hard/Soft Secant pile Walls391613 Contiguous Bored pile Walls401614 King Post Walls411615 Steel Sheet Piles421616 Integrity Testing of Wall44 Elements1617 Instrumentation of Piles44and EMBEDDED Walls1618 Support Fluid482 Volume 1 Specification for Highway WorksSeries 1600 PILING and EMBEDDED RETAINING WallsPILING AND EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS1601 General Requirements for PILING andEmbedded RETAINING WallsDefinitions1 Allowable pile capacity : a capacity which takesinto account the pile s bearing capacity, the materialsfrom which the pile is made, the required load factor,settlement, pile spacing, downdrag, the overall bearingcapacity of the ground beneath the piles and otherrelevant Commencing surface.

2 The level at which thepiling equipment first enters the Compression pile : a pile which is designed toresist an axial force such as would cause it to penetratefurther into the Constant rate of penetration (CRP) test : a test inwhich the pile is made to penetrate the ground at aconstant controlled speed, while the force applied at thetop of the pile to maintain the rate of penetration iscontinuously Constant rate of uplift (CRU) test : a test inwhich the pile is made to lift out of the ground at aconstant controlled speed, while the force applied at thetop of the pile to maintain the rate of extraction iscontinuously Cut-off level : the level to which the pile Design Verification load (DVL) : a load whichwill be substituted for the Specified Working load forthe purpose of a Kentledge : dead load used in a loading load factor : the ratio between the pile s ultimatebearing capacity and maximum safe bearing Maintained load test : a loading test in whicheach increment of load is held constant either for adefined period of time or until the rate of movement(settlement or uplift) falls to a specified Preliminary pile : a pile installed before thecommencement of the main PILING works or specificpart of the Proof load : a load applied to a selected workingpile to confirm that it is suitable for the load at thesettlement Raking pile : a pile installed at an inclination tothe Reaction system.

3 The arrangement of thekentledge, piles, anchorages or spread foundations thatprovide a resistance against which the pile is pile settlement : the axial movement at the top ofthe pile . The value of pile settlement specified for agiven load refers to the value reached at the end of thefirst cycle of loading. Where piles are to be loaded andunloaded through a number of cycles settlement shallbe the cumulative vertical Specified Working load (SWL) : the specifiedload on the head of the pile as stated in the Tension pile : a pile which is designed to resist anaxial force such as would tend to cause it to beextracted from the Test pile : any pile to which a test load is, or is tobe, Ultimate bearing capacity : the maximumresistance offered by the pile when the strength of thesoil is fully Working pile : one of the piles forming thefoundation of a EMBEDDED RETAINING wall : RETAINING wall withshuttering provided either by the surrounding ground(ie.)

4 Cast against an excavated soil face) or sheet pilesinserted into the EMBEDDED RETAINING wall element : an individualcomponent utilised in a particular EMBEDDED retainingwalling system eg. diaphragm wall panel, or primary orsecondary pile in a secant wall which can beconstructed in (11/03) Piles and EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS shall beconstructed from one of the permitted options describedin Appendix 16/1 and in compliance with this Seriesand appropriate Clauses of SERIES 1700, 1800, and 1900unless otherwise described in Appendix 16 , design and construction24 Where applicable Appendices 1/10 and 1/11 inSeries 100 list structures and elements which theAmendment - November 20033 Volume 1 Specification for Highway WorksSeries 1600 PILING and EMBEDDED RETAINING WallsContractor has to design in accordance with theSpecification and relevant Appendices 16/1 to 16 required in Appendix 16/1, the Contractor shallalso submit design calculations, details of materials tobe used.

5 And a schedule of tolerances25 Piles shall be installed within the followingmaximum permitted tolerances:Position:75 mm in any direction at : 1 in 75 deviation from the verticalRake:1 in 25 deviation from the specifiedrake for piles raking up to 1:6 and 1 in15 for piles raking more than 1 method of forcible correction will be permittedunless it can be proved that the integrity, durability andperformance of the piles will not be adversely method26 Where required in Appendix 16/1, the Contractorshall supply all relevant details of the method of PILING ,the plant and monitoring equipment he plans to PILING methods may be used provided thatthey satisfy the requirements of the Contractor shall keep records as indicated byan asterisk in Table 16/1 for the installation of eachpile, or for each element in EMBEDDED RETAINING WALLS ,or as listed in Clause 1615 for sheet pile WALLS .

6 Thesigned records will form a record of the work. Copies ofthese records shall be provided where required inAppendix 16 unexpected driving or boring conditions shall benoted in the criteria for adjacent structures or services28 Damage criteria for adjacent structures or servicesare given in Appendix 16/1. Where required inAppendix 16/1, the Contractor shall submit his plansfor making surveys and monitoring movements orvibration before the commencement of the PILING to piles or completed wall elements29 The Contractor shall ensure that during the courseof the work, displacement or damage which wouldimpair either performance or durability does not occurto completed piles or wall required in Appendix 16/1, the Contractor shallsubmit his planned sequence and timing for driving orboring piles, or for installing wall elements havingregard to the avoidance of damage to adjacent piles orwall support30 The Contractor shall ensure that where required.

7 Any permanently free-standing piles are temporarilybraced or stayed immediately after driving to preventloosening of the piles in the ground and to ensure thatno damage resulting from oscillation, vibration ormovement can of piles31 The Contractor shall ensure that the piles areavailable in time for incorporation in the Works. Allpiles and production facilities shall be made availablefor inspection at any time. Piles shall be examined bythe Contractor at the time of delivery and any faultyunits replaced. Where required in Appendix 16/1, therecords of testing of the concrete and steel used in thepiles shall be of materials shall be in accordance withAppendix 1/5. For steel piles the Contractor shallsubmit details of all preliminary test results at least 5working days prior to ordering piles for the main worksother than temporary Precast Reinforced and PrestressedConcrete Piles and Precast ReinforcedConcrete Segmental PilesMaterials and componentsSteel and iron components1(11/05) In the manufacture of precast concrete pilesand jointed precast concrete segmental piles, fabricatedsteel components shall comply with BS EN 10025-1and BS EN 10025-2, Grades S275 or S355, cast steelcomponents with BS 3100, grade A (A1, A2 or A3)

8 Andductile iron components with BS EN 1563 materialdesignation symbol EN-GJS-350-22, EN-GJS-400-15, joints for segmental piles2 The joints shall be close-fitting face to face and thelocking method shall be such as to hold the faces inintimate contact. Where required in Appendix 16/2,details of the design, manufacture and tests of thejointing system shall be submitted prior to thecommencement of the PILING - November 20054 Volume 1 Specification for Highway WorksSeries 1600 PILING and EMBEDDED RETAINING WallsA jointed pile shall be capable of withstanding the samedriving stresses as a single unjointed pile of the samecross-sectional dimensions and welding of a joint to main reinforcement in lieu ofa lapped connection with projecting bars affixed to thejoint shall not be pile joint shall be square to the axis of the pilewithin a tolerance of 1 in 150.

9 The centroid of the pilejoint shall lie within 5 mm of the true axis of the toes3 pile toes shall be constructed so as to ensure thatdamage is not caused to the pile during head reinforcement4 pile heads shall be so reinforced or banded as toprevent bursting of the pile under 1998 TABLE 16/1: Records to be kept (indicated by an asterisk)DataDrivenDrivenDrivenBoredCont inuousprecastsegmentalcast-in-cast-in-fl ightconcreteconcreteplaceplaceaugerandpi lesconcreteconcreteconcrete orsteelpilespilesgroutbearingpilespilesC ontract** pile reference number (location)** pile type**Nominal cross-sectional dimensions or diameter**Nominal diameter of underream/base---*-Length of preformed pile **---Standing groundwater level from direct observation--**or given site investigation dataDate and time of driving, redriving or boring**Date of concreting--**Ground level at pile position at commencement of**installation of pile (commencing surface)

10 Working level on which PILING base machine stands**Depth from ground level at pile position to pile toe**Toe level** pile head level as constructed** pile cut-off level**Length of temporary casing--**-Length of permanent casing--**-Type, weight, drop and mechanical condition of hammer**--and equivalent information for other equipmentNumber and type of packing used and type and**--conditions of dolly used during driving of the pileSet of pile or pile tube in millimetres per 10 blows or**--number of blows per 25 mm of penetrationTemporary compression of ground and pile **--Driving resistance taken at m intervals**--Soil samples taken and in situ tests carried out during** pile formation or adjacent to pile positionLength and details of and cover to reinforcement--**Concrete mix--**Volume of concrete supplied to pile where this is--**practicalAll information regarding obstructions delays**and other interruptions to the sequence of workPile forming equipment including rig