SIX SIGMA APPROACH: APPLICATION, BENEFITS AND SCOPE

1 Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 Suryakant Sharma et al., 2013. ISSN 2278 0149 Vol. 2, No. 3, July 2013. 2013 IJMERR. All Rights Reserved Research Paper SIX SIGMA APPROACH: APPLICATION, BENEFITS AND SCOPE . Suryakant Sharma1*, Deepak Bhardwaj1 and Vinay Kumar1. *Corresponding Author: Suryakant Sharma, Six SIGMA is an approach that improves quality by analyzing data with statistics. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the use and development of the Six SIGMA Approach This paper reviews some related literatures to describe application, BENEFITS and SCOPE .

2 Understanding of the six SIGMA method allows organizations to better support their strategic directions, and increasing needs for coaching, mentoring, and training. The Six SIGMA method is a complex and flexible system of achieving, maintaining and maximizing the business success. Six SIGMA is based mainly on understanding the customer needs and expectation, and responsible approach to managing, improving and establishing new business, manufacturing and service processes. Keywords: Six SIGMA , Quality, Future Research INTRODUCTION in many industries. Since its initiation at Six SIGMA refers to a process in which the Motorola in the 1980s, many companies range between the mean of a process quality including GE, Honeywell, Sony, Caterpillar, and measurement and the nearest specification Johnson Controls have adopted Six SIGMA limit is at least six times the standard deviation and obtained substantial BENEFITS .

3 Six SIGMA of the process, shown as Figures 1 and 2. The is a long-term program. It won't work well quality management approaches, including without full commitment from upper Statistical Quality Control, Zero Defects and management. Total Quality Management , have been key In recent years, interest from the academic features for many years, while Six SIGMA is community has increased very fast. Therefore, one of the more recent quality improvement it is the best time to have an extensive review initiatives to gain popularity and acceptance on the related literatures.

4 1. Bhiwani Institute of Technology and Science, Sarsa Ghogra, Rohtak Road, Bhiwani, Haryana-127021. 365. Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 Suryakant Sharma et al., 2013. Figure 1: Illustration MEASUREMENT SYSTEM. of Centered 3 SIGMA ANALYSIS. Diffusion of the watched commodities'. parameter can be connected by the commodity itself or the system of measuring. The system of measuring is made by operator, benchmark and the method of measuring. Measuring System Analysis (MSA) is a tool for the evaluation of accuracy and advisability of the measuring system.

5 It goes with testing or measuring the chosen parameter by the Figure 2: Illustration operator. It monitors the influence of of Six SIGMA process repeatance and reproducibility of the total variance. The goal of MSA is to estimate how the system of measuring contributes to the total variance of watched parameter. Most of the time, analysis of the measurement system is used in the phase of Measurements. Figure 3: Measurement System Analysis Six SIGMA Methods Six SIGMA is based on six basic principles that help the implementation of Six SIGMA method to production companies or service industries.

6 Six SIGMA uses the base tools to improve the quality of products and processes as Measurement System Analysis (MSA), IPO. Diagram (Input-process-output), Cause-and- Effect diagram (CE), Histogram, Pareto Tolerance = USL LSL (area of matching diagram, Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, values for the customer), Control (DMAIC), Run chart, Control chart, LSL - Lower Specification Limit, Scatter diagram, Regression Analysis, USL - Upper Specification Limit, Designing of Experiments (DOE), Failure 2 A (absolute) = 2P (of product ) + 2M. Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Standard (of measurement system), Operating Procedure (SOP) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD).

7 2 variance 366. Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2013 Suryakant Sharma et al., 2013. ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES the standard routine for planning and AND CONSEQUENCES implementation of the project. CE is a tool to solve problems through finding Reported BENEFITS of implementing six the cause of their occurrence. It helps to find SIGMA : all possible causes, to split causes into categories and organize their relationships and MANUFACTURING SECTOR. impact on output, and to identify opportunities Motorola was the first organization to use the for improvement. In general, these categories term six SIGMA in the 1980s as part of its quality are commonly known as 7 M causes: performance measurement and improvement Man -people, job; program.

8 Six SIGMA has since been successfully applied in other manufacturing Methods and mechanics, process;. organizations such as General Electric, Machine machines, equipment; Boeing, DuPont, Toshiba, Seagate, Allied Measurement; Signal, Kodak, Honeywell, Texas Instruments, Management - system of organization and Sony, etc. The reported BENEFITS and savings management; are composed and presented from Material; and investigating various literatures in six SIGMA . Mother Nature - environment. FINANCIAL SECTOR. HISTOGRAM In recent years, finance and credit department are pressured to reduce cash collection cycle Histogram is a perfect tool for visualization of time and variation in collection performance the frequency of the watched phenomenon in to remain competitive.

9 Typical six SIGMA process. It is a bar chart made from number of projects in financial institutions include improv- categories, showing their splitting. Customer ing accuracy of allocation of cash to reduce tolerance can be added (LSL, USL) to watched bank charges, automatic payments, improving process. accuracy of reporting, reducing documentary PARETO DIAGRAM credits defects, reducing check collection Pareto diagram is a bar chart for discrete data, defects, and reducing variation in collector indicating the frequency of non digital data. performance.

10 These categories are arranged in descending Bank of America (BOA) is one of the order. The tool that allows determining the pioneers in adopting and implementing six impact of input factors to an endpoint. SIGMA concepts to stream-line operations, attract and retain customers, and create DMAIC competitiveness over credit unions. It has It is the common option for the model of hundreds of six SIGMA projects in areas of improving the process based on Deming's cross-selling, deposits, and problem circle Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA). DMAIC is resolution. BOA reported a increase in in the Six SIGMA methodology being used as customer satisfaction and 24% decrease in 367.