SIXTH EDITION Development Through the Lifespan - Pearson

1 Development Through the LifespanBoston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle RiverAmsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montr al TorontoDelhi Mexico City S o Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei TokyoSIXTH EDITIONL aura E. BerkIllinois State UniversityBerkLS6_ch00d_FM_i_xxvi, 16/21/13 2:40 PMDedicationTo Annie, Bailey, and Penny in gratitude for wise counsel and steadfast supportDirector, Product Development Operations: Craig CampanellaManaging Editor: To m P a u k e nDevelopment Editor: Judy AshkenazEditorial Assistants: Rachel Trapp, Jennifer Nolan, Carla WornerProgram Manager: Linda BehrensSenior Production Project Manager: Donna SimonsMedia Director: Brian HylandSenior Digital Product Manager: Peter SabatiniMedia Project Manager.

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3 , Kendallville, INText Font: MinionCover Art: In a Puzzling Light by Harold GregorCopyright 2014, 2010, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1998 by Pearson Education, rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc.

4 , Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458; or you may fax your request to of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataBerk, Laura Through the Lifespan / Laura E. Berk. [ SIXTH EDITION ]. pages cmIncludes bibliographical references and 978-0-205-95760-61. Developmental psychology Textbooks. I. Title. 2014 155 dc23 2013006664 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Student EditionISBN 10: 0-205-95760-9 ISBN 13: 978-0-205-95760-6 Instructor s Review EditionISBN 10: 0-205-95845-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-205-95845-0 la Carte EditionISBN 10: 0-205-95869-9 ISBN 13: 978-0-205-95869-6 BerkLS6_ch00d_FM_i_xxvi, 26/21/13 2:40 PMLaura E.

5 Berk is a distinguished professor of psychology at Illinois State University, where she has taught human Development to both undergraduate and graduate students for more than three decades. She received her bachelor s degree in psychology from the University of California, Berkeley, and her master s and doctoral degrees in child Development and educational psychology from the Uni-versity of Chicago. She has been a visiting scholar at Cornell University, UCLA, Stanford University, and the University of South has published widely on the effects of school environments on children s develop-ment, the Development of private speech, and the role of make-believe play in Development .

6 Her research has been funded by the Office of Education and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development . It has appeared in many prominent journals, including Child Development , Developmental Psychology, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Development and Psychopathology, and Early Childhood Research Quarterly. Her empirical studies have attracted the attention of the general public, leading to contributions to Psychology Today and Scientific American. She has also been featured on National Public Radio s Morning EDITION and in Parents Magazine, Wondertime, and Reader s has served as a research editor of Young Children and as a consulting editor for Early Childhood Research Quarterly.

7 Currently, she is associate editor of the Journal of cognitive Education and Psychology. She is a frequent contributor to edited volumes on early childhood Development , having recently authored chapters on the importance of parenting, on make-believe play, and on the kindergarten child. She has also written the article on social Development for The Child: An Encyclopedic Companion; the article on Vygotsky for the Encyclopedia of cognitive Science; and the chapter on storytelling as a teaching strategy for Voices of Experience: Memorable Talks from the National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology (Association for Psychological Science).

8 She is coauthor of the forthcoming chapter on make-believe play and self-regulation in the Sage Handbook of Play in Early s books include Private Speech: From Social Interaction to Self-Regulation; Scaffolding Children s Learning: Vygotsky and Early Childhood Education; Landscapes of Development : An Anthology of Readings; and A Mandate for Playful Learning in Preschool: Presenting the Evidence. In addition to Development Through the Lifespan , she is author of the best-selling texts Child Development and Infants, Children, and Adolescents, published by Pearson .

9 Her book for parents and teachers is Awakening Children s Minds: How Parents and Teachers Can Make a is active in work for children s causes. In addition to service in her home com-munity, she is a member of the national board of directors and chair of the Chicago advisory board of Jumpstart, a nonprofit organization that provides intensive literacy intervention to thousands of low-income preschoolers across the United States, using college and uni-versity students as interveners. Berk is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, Division 7: Developmental the AuthorBerkLS6_ch00d_FM_i_xxvi, 36/21/13 2:40 PMivBrief ContentsPart I: theory and research in Human Development 1 History, Theory, and Research Strategies 2 Part II: Foundations of Development 2 Genetic and Environmental Foundations 44 3 Prenatal Development , Birth, and the Newborn Baby 78 Part III: Infancy and toddlerhood.

10 The First two Years 4 Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood 118 5 cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood 150 6 Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood 182 Part IV: Early Childhood: two to Six Years 7 Physical and cognitive Development in Early Childhood 214 8 Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood 254 Part V: Middle Childhood: Six to Eleven Years 9 Physical and cognitive Development in Middle Childhood 288 10 Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood 328 Part VI: adolescence: the transition to adulthood 11 Physical and cognitive Development in Adolescence 360 12 Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence 400 Part VII: Early adulthood 13 Physical and cognitive Development in Early Adulthood 430 14 Emotional and Social Development in Early Adulthood 462 Part VIII.