Skills Worksheet Chapter 13 - Concept Mapping

1 Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 15 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Skills Worksheet Chapter 13 - Concept Mapping Using the terms and phrases provided below, complete the Concept map showing the discovery of DNA structure. amount of base pairs five-carbon sugar purine DNA polymerases Franklin and Wilkins pyrimidine DNA replication nitrogenous base Watson and Crick double helix phosphate group Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

2 Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 16 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Skills Worksheet Chapter 13 - Vocabulary review In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. _____ 1. DNA _____ 2. nucleotide _____ 3. purines _____ 4. genes _____ 5. pyrimidines _____ 6. DNA helicase _____ 7. DNA polymerase _____ 8. DNA replication Write the correct term from the list below in the space next to its definition. codon gene expression RNA transcription translation _____ 9. the process in which RNA is made from the information in DNA _____ 10.

3 Includes transcription and translation _____ 11. a three-nucleotide sequence that encodes an amino acid or a start/stop signal _____ 12. a type of nucleic acid that includes three major types _____ 13. a process that occurs at ribosomes where proteins are made from the information found in RNA a. represented by adenine and guanine b. enzyme that separates the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds that link the nitrogenous bases c. instructions for inherited traits d. the process by which DNA is copied e. represented by thymine and cytosine f. consists of a phosphate, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base g. enzyme that adds nucleotides to exposed nitrogenous bases h.

4 Name given for deoxyribonucleic acid Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 17 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Skills Worksheet Directed Reading Section: The Structure of DNA Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 1. With what kinds of bacteria did Griffith inject mice? _____ _____ 2. What was different about the S bacteria and the R bacteria? _____ _____ 3. Why were the heat-killed S bacteria harmless? _____ _____ _____ 4. Why was the mixture of heat-killed S bacteria and R bacteria virulent?

5 _____ _____ _____ 5. What did Griffith discover as a result of his experiments? _____ _____ _____ 6. How did Avery discover that the material responsible for transformation in bacteria was DNA? _____ _____ _____ Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 18 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Directed Reading continued Complete each statement by underlining the correct term or phrase in the brackets. 7. Viruses that infect bacteria are called [bacteriophages / rough]. 8. A virus is made of DNA and [proteins / cell walls].

6 9. Radioactive sulfur was used to label the [DNA / protein] in the viruses. 10. Radioactive phosphorus was used to label the [DNA / protein] in the viruses. 11. Hershey and Chase discovered that after the 32P-labeled phages infected the bacteria, most of the radioactive phosphorus was found in the layer containing [bacteria / phage]. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. _____ 12. double helix _____ 13. nucleotides _____ 14. deoxyribose _____ 15. hydrogen bond _____ 16. nitrogenous bases _____ 17. adenine _____ 18. cytosine _____ 19. Chargaff In the space provided, explain how the terms in each pair are related to each other.

7 20. base-pairing rules, complementary _____ _____ _____ 21. Wilkins and Franklin, DNA structure _____ _____ _____ a. a five-carbon sugar b. type of weak bond between base pairs that holds the double helix together c. four kinds and they form specific pairs d. subunits that make up DNA e. one of two pyrimidines used as a nitrogenous base in nucleotides f. one of two purines used as a nitrogenous base in nucleotides g. discovered that the amount of adenine always equaled the amount of cytosine and that guanine always equaled cytosine h. two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

8 Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 19 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Skills Worksheet - Directed Reading Section: Replication of DNA In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. _____ 1. DNA replication _____ 2. DNA helicase _____ 3. replication forks _____ 4. DNA polymerases _____ 5. new DNA strand Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided. 6. Identify two major enzymes used during DNA replication. _____ 7. What prevents the separated DNA strands from reattaching to one another during DNA replication?

9 _____ _____ _____ 8. What prevents the wrong nucleotide from being added to the new strand during DNA replication? _____ _____ _____ a. add nucleotides to the exposed bases according to the base-pairing rules b. process of making a copy of DNA c. two Y-shaped areas that form when the double helix separates in DNA replication d. opens up the double helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases e. each double-stranded DNA helix is made up of one of these after DNA replication Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.

10 Holt Biology 20 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Directed Reading continued Complete each statement by writing the correct term or phrase in the space provided. 9. Prokaryotic DNA is reproduced with _____ replication forks. 10. Each human chromosome is replicated in about _____ hours and in about _____ sections. 11. The number of nucleotides between each replication fork in human DNA is approximately _____. Name _____ Class _____ Date _____ Original content Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 21 DNA, RNA, and Proteins Skills Worksheet - Directed Reading Section: RNA and Gene Expression In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase.