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1 Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Chemistry5 Covalent CompoundsSection: Drawing and Naming MoleculesComplete each statement below by choosing a term from the following list. Terms may be used more than electron in the outermost energy level of an atom that can participate inbonding is called a(n) structure in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner-shell electrons and in which dots are used to represent valence electrons is called a(n) possible Lewis structure of a molecule for which more than one Lewisstructure can be written is called a(n) covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons is calleda(n) covalent bond in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons is calleda(n)

2 Bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons is a nonbonding pair of electrons in the valence shell of an atom is called a(n) the following items in the space , CH3OH, can be used as a solvent, as an antifreeze, and in theproduction of formaldehyde. Draw the Lewis structure for methanol. , C3H8, is a common fuel for gas barbecue grills. Draw the Lewisstructure for ReviewSkills WorksheetCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Chemistry6 Covalent CompoundsNameClassDateConcept Review the Lewis structure for water, the Lewis structure for carbon monoxide, CO.

3 The Lewis structure for the rocket propellant nitryl fluoride, NO2F. the Lewis structures for the following item in the space the difference between single, double, and triple by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Chemistry7 Covalent CompoundsNameClassDateConcept Review continuedUse the system of prefixes and the rule for suffixes to name the the formulas for the following disulfideConcept Review : covalent bond forms when two ormore valence electrons are attractedby the positively charged nuclei of twoatoms and thus are shared betweenboth H2molecule is stable becauseeach hydrogen atom now has a sharedpair of electrons and has achieved astable noble gas are stable when theyachieve a noble gas configuration withan outer shell of 8 electrons.

4 Hydrogenis the exception to this rule since itachieves a noble gas configurationwhen it has two electrons in its a covalent bond, atoms share oneor more pairs of electrons. In an ionicbond, one atom transfers electrons molecular orbital is a region inwhich there is high probability that anindividual electron exists as it travelswith a wavelike motion in the three-dimensional space around one of twoor more associated two hydrogen atoms approacheach other, the potential energy of thecombination becomes lower and loweruntil it reaches a minimum value of2436 kJ/mol at a distance of 75 a covalent bond forms betweentwo hydrogen atoms.

5 The atoms reacha distance from each other at whichattractive and repulsive forces are bal-anced and the total energy of the sys-tem is at a minimum. At this minimumenergy state, the molecule is most nuclei are not rigid and fixed,but they vibrate back and forth. Thisvibration means that the distancebetween nuclei is constantly changing,so bond length the average distancebetween the properties of substances withmetallic bonds: average melting andboiling points, soft, silvery, and solid,conducts electricity as a solid. Typicalproperties of substances with ionicbonds: high melting and boiling points,crystalline, white solid, conducts elec-tricity when dissolved in properties of substances withcovalent bonds: low melting and boil-ing points, usually a liquid or a gas,not a good conductor of covalentConcept Review : Drawingand Naming by Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

6 All rights Chemistry41 Covalent CompoundsAnswer KeyTEACHER RESOURCE single bond is one in which twoatoms share one pair of electrons. Adouble bond is one in which twoatoms share two pairs of electrons. Atriple bond is one in which two atomsshare three pairs of Review : theory predicts the generalshape of a molecule based on itsLewis : : : electrons in the unbonded pairrepel bonding electrons as far away aspossible from unbonded pairs of electrons,as in the oxygen atom of H2O, canrepel each other as well as bondingelectrons, and form a bent energy required to separate polarmolecules is greater than that requiredto separate nonpolar and polarity can affect how amolecule fits into another structureand how it tastes.

7 It can affect howeasy the molecule is to separate andits attraction to positively or nega-tively charged ClICIClClClHICIHHHOOOS2 OJNIFOOINIFO CKOHIOIHC opyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights Chemistry42 Covalent CompoundsTEACHER RESOURCE PAGE