Specification and Guidelines for the use of …

1 Achieving the highest standards Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) in Soft Ground and Hard Rock April 2005 EFNARC, Association House, 99 West Street, Farnham, Surrey GU9 7EN, UK tel: +44 (0)1252 738147 fax: +44 (0)1252 739140 and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) FOREWORD EFNARC is the European federation dedicated to specialist construction chemicals and concrete systems. It was founded in March 1989 by five national trade associations representing producers and applicators of specialty construction products. Membership has since been widened to include major European companies who have no national body or institution to represent their interests.

2 EFNARC provides a common voice for the specialist construction industry to make known its comments and views to the European Commission, CEN Technical Committees and other groups dealing with European Harmonisation of Specifications and Standards. Its Members are active in all European countries. EFNARC has achieved an excellent international reputation for its work in preparing authoritative Specifica-tions and Guidelines for Sprayed Concrete, Industrial Flooring, Soft Ground Tunnelling and Self Compacting Concrete. Already, these new Specifications have achieved acceptance internationally reflecting the wide scope of technical expertise of EFNARC members.

3 The mechanised tunnelling (TBM) Technical Committee was formed at the end of 1998. Its mission was to establish the first European Specification for specialist products used in association with the TBM in soft ground tunnel construction. This tunnelling technology has been increasingly used, but until now not regu-lated by any national or international standard. Experts in all aspects of tunnelling technology participated in the technical committee to realise this project and the Guidelines were finally published in November 2001. In January 2004, the TBM technical committee met to review the 2001 Guidelines and agreed to update them on the basis of new technology and requirements.

4 It was also agreed that the Guidelines should be extended to cover Hard Rock TBM and additional committee members were sought with specific expertise in this area. This document replaces the earlier Guidelines on Soft Ground Tunnelling and its format has been changed to into 3 parts covering; common requirements for TBM, information on the use of specialty products for soft ground and information on the use of specialty products for hard rock. It includes aspects of mechanised tunnelling technology relevant to specialist construction chemicals suppliers, contractors, consultants, speci-fiers and tunnel boring machine manufacturers. EFNARC recognises that all specifications must be living documents able to be refined and extended in the light of practical experience and future developments.

5 The information and guidance presented is given as best practice based on the experience of EFNARC TC members but it is recognised that it may not be fully representative of the wider tunnelling industry. Comments on this Specification are therefore invited and should be sent to EFNARC at the address shown on the cover page. Acknowledgements EFNARC wishes to acknowledge gratefully all the contributions and comments made by members of its TBM Technical Committee and also by individual experts. Although care has been taken to ensure, to the best of our knowledge that all data and information contained herein is accurate to the extent that it relates to either matters of fact or accepted practice or matters of opinion at the time of publication, EFNARC assumes no responsibility for any errors in or misrepresentation of such data and/or information or any loss or damage arising from or related to its use.

6 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of EFNARC. EFNARC 2005 i Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) CONTENTS 1. Part 1: 2. Referenced 3. 4. Geotechnical Level of Design Soil / rock Initial Stress Mechanical Hydraulic Geological 5. Declaration of Initial Type Declaration of Conformity by the 6. 7. Marking & 8. Environment - Health and Health and Product Health & Safety Naturally occurring health Environmental Risk Groundwater and surface Muck ii Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) Part 2: Soft 9.

7 Introduction to the Soft Ground TBM 10. Slurry Shield Slurry Performance Test 12 Mixing 11. Earth Pressure Balanced Machine (EPBM)..13 Area of application for EPBM Products used for soil conditioning in EPBM Product Performance Soil conditioning: choice of foam Guidelines on use of Foams:..15 Test Methods for the Anti clogging Polymer 12. Tail Shield Performance 13. Annulus Grouts and Structural Logistical Constituent Fine 19 Annulus Grouting Types of Performance Single component Two component Hardened Specification for Grouting Mixing Batching Transporting the Pumping Back-Grouting iii Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) Part 3: Hard 14.

8 Introduction to the Hard Rock TBM 15. Cutter disc wear in hard rock TBM Rock abrasivity Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)..28 Indirect Tensile Strength (Tensile splitting strength)..28 Rock Moh s Cerchar abrasive index (CAI)..29 Disc Cutter disc wear Cutter design & material Anti wear Application 16. Dust Dust Dust control 32 Water Foam Foam application ANNEX A: TESTING OF Stability of a foam Stability (Half-life) of a foam/sand Plasticising effect of foam made of foaming agent or Standard Test Foam generation in the ANNEX B: TESTING OF SHIELD TAIL This document comprises Guidelines on the use of specialist products in soft ground and hard rock tunnelling and also Specification clauses for certain of those products.

9 These Specification clauses can be identified by the grey shading of the tables in which the requirements are listed. iv Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) 1. Scope This document provides Specifications and Guidelines dealing with specialist products and applications used in mechanised tunnelling, in association with Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) of the following types: Slurry Shield Machines Earth Pressure Balanced Machine (EPBM) Hard Rock TBM Products and applications concerning structural linings, concrete segments, repairs, injection and water-proofing membranes are not included in the scope of the present document.

10 This document contains the following three parts: Part 1: General Referenced Standards Definitions Geotechnical Considerations Declaration of Conformity Quality Control Marking and Labelling Environment - Health and Safety Part 2: Soft Ground Product categories included: soil conditioners slurry materials and additives annulus back-grouting mortars tail seal compounds Part 3: Hard Rock Product categories included: Anti wear additives Dust control 1 Specification and Guidelines for the use of specialist products for Mechanised Tunnelling (TBM) Part 1: General 2. Referenced Standards EN 197-1 Cement - composition, Specification and conformity criteria EN 413 Masonry cement EN 480 Admixtures for concrete, mortar or grout - test methods EN 934 Admixtures for concrete, mortar or grout EN 1377 Cone penetrometer test EN 12350-2 Testing fresh concrete: Part 2: Slump test EN 12620 Aggregates for concrete EN ISO 13500 Drilling Fluids ASTM C230 Flowtable for use in tests of hydraulic cement ASTM D2938 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens ASTM D3967 Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Intact Rock Core Specimens 3.