STATISTICS A: TABLES AND GRAPHS - …

1 Dr. John Andraos, A: TABLES AND GRAPHS Dr. John Andraos, 2000 - 2008 Department of Chemistry, York University4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ONTARIO M3J 1P3, CANADAFor suggestions, corrections, additional information, and comments please send e-mails to Fundamental Ideas in Chemistry(2) Timeline of Ideas in Chemistry(3) Concepts in Chemistry Not Named After People(4) Concepts in Physical Organic Chemistry(5) Named Laboratory Apparatus(6) Named Organic Reactions(7) Named Reagents, Catalysts, and CompoundsDr. John Andraos, (1) Fundamental Ideas in ChemistryNationalityNumber of ScientistsAmerican121 American-born84 British63 German55 French28 Canadians16 Russian13 Austrian12 Dutch11 Swedish10 Swiss10 Danish7 Hungarian5 Polish4 Irish3 Japanese3 Italian3 Latvian2 Mexican1 Egyptian1 China1 Czech2 Estonian1 Indian1 Norwegian1 TOTAL457Dr.

2 John Andraos, Chemistry Concepts and Equations: Demography020406080100120 AmericanAmerican-bornBritishGermanFrench CanadiansAustrianRussianDutchSwedishSwis sDanishHungarianPolishIrishJapaneseItali anLatvianMexicanEgyptianChinaCzechEstoni anIndianNorwegianNationalityNumber of ScientistsDr. John Andraos, (2) Timeline of Ideas in ChemistryContributions to Chemistry Timeline: Named Concepts01020304050607080901631 - 16401651 - 16601671 - 16801691 - 17001711 - 17201731 - 17401751 - 17601771 - 17801791 - 18001811 - 18201831 - 18401851 - 18601871 - 18801891 - 19001911 - 19201931 - 19401951 - 19601971 - 19801991 - 2000 DecadeNumber of Named ConceptsNumber of Concepts Not NamedAfter PeopleNumber of Concepts Named AfterPeopleDr.

3 John Andraos, GROWTH OF DISCOVERIES IN CHEMISTRY & PHYSICS THAT IMPACT CHEMISTRY0100200300400500600163716901788 1806182018311843185818691879188818971905 1913192119291937194619541962197019791991 YEARNUMBER OF DISCOVERIESDr. John Andraos, DEVELOPMENTS BENEFICIAL TO CHEMISTRY: TIMELINEYEARCONCEPT1637 Snell's law of refraction1644 Torricelli barometer1662 Boyle's law1663 Pascal's law of pressure1672 Newton (dispersion of light)1676 Mariotte's law1678 Hooke's law1679 Fermat (refraction of light)1690 Huygens principle1724 Fahrenheit temperature scale1729 Bouguer's law1738 Bernoulli (kinetic theory of gases)1742 Celsius temperature scale1760 Lambert's law1775 Lavoisier's law1787 Charles' law1788 Coulomb's law1788 Blagden's law (freezing point depression)1791 Galvani (electric current)1791 Prevost theory of exchanges (dynamic equilibrium between cold andhot bodies)

4 1799 Proust's law1800 Voltaic cell1802 Dalton's law of partial pressures1803 Black (discovery of latent and specific heat)1804 Young (interference of light)1804 Henry's law1805 Dalton's law of multiple proportions1805 Dalton's law of solubility of gases in liquids1806 Grotthuss chain1807 Young's modulus of elasticity1808 Dalton's atomic theory1809 Gay-Lussac's law1811 Avogadro LawDr. John Andraos, hardness scale1817 Fraunhofer diffraction, lines1819 Dulong-Petit law1820 Ampere's law1820 Oersted law (action of currents on magnets)1820 Biot-Savart law1821 Mitscherlich (law of isomorphism)1822 Seebeck effect1822 Fourier heat theorem1824 Carnot cycle1826 Fresnel (diffraction of light)1826 Ohm's law1827 Brownian motion1830 Hamilton operator1831 Neumann's law1832 Henry (induction concept)1832 Berzelius (isomerism concept)1833 Graham's law1833 Faraday law1834 Lenz's law1834 Clapeyron equation of state1836 Berzelius/Ostwald (catalysis concept)1838 Miller's law1840 Hess' law1841 Gauss (magnetic force measurement)

5 1841 Joule's law1841 Grotthuss-Draper law1843 Joule (mechanical equivalent of heat)1847 Helmholtz (conservation of energy)1847 Doppler effect1848 Thomson abolute temperature scale (Kelvin)1848 Pasteur separation of racemic tartrates1848 Kelvin (absolute temperature scale)1848 Kohlrausch current theory1848 Bravais lattices1850 Clausius statement of second law of thermodynamics1851 Hofmann rule1852 Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law1852 Stokes' law of fluorescence1855 Fick's first and second laws of diffusion1855 Mohr titration1856 Stokes law1858 Kirchhoff's laws (electrolytes)1858 Kirchhoff's law of heat radiation1863 Mobius stripDr. John Andraos, relaxation1865 Joule-Thomson coefficient1865 Kekule structures1865 Maxwell electromagnetic equations1865 Mach bands1866 Loschmidt number1868 Angstrom length1869 Mendeleev's periodic law1869 Tyndall effect1869 Massieu functions1870 Markovnikov rule1870 Lorenz-Lorentz formula1871 Maxwell's thermodynamic equations1873van der Waals equation of state1874van't Hoff-Le Bel asymmetric carbon model1874 McLeod vacuum gauge1875 Berthelot's equation1875 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution1875 Gibbs equation1875 Gibbs free energy1875 Gibbs phase rule1875 Saytzeff rule1875 Kerr electro-optic effect1876 Viktor Meyer method1877 Kerr magneto-optic effect1877 Van't Hoff's law1879 Stefan law of temperature radiation1879

6 Hall effect1880 Curie law1882 Helmholtz equation1882 Raoult's law1882 Carnelley's melting point-molecular symmetry rule1883 Reynolds number1883 Kjeldahl method of nitrogen determination1884Le Chatelier's principle1884 Van't Hoff equation1885 Balmer series1886 Allihn condenser1886 Gibbs-Duhem equation1886 Tait free path1887van't Hoff theory of dilute solutions1887 Arrhenius (dissociation of ions in water)1887 Michelson-Morley experiment1888 Ostwald dilution law1888van't Hoff's law of osmosis1888 Beckmann thermometer, Beckmann method1888 Hofmeister series1889 Arrhenius equationDr. John Andraos, equation1890 Rydberg transition1890 Rydberg formula1891 Fischer projections1893 Walden inversion rule1893 Wien's displacement law1893 Werner (configuration of inorganic compounds)1894 Meyer steric hindrance1895 Roentgen ray1895 Dewar flask1895 Perrin (negative charges in cathode rays)1895 Cotton effect1895 Pulfrich's refractometer1896 Becquerel, Curie (discovery of radioactivity)1896 Fabry-Perot interferometer1897 Zeeman effect1897 Thompson (discovery of electron)

7 1900 Rayleigh-Jeans law1900 Planck's equation, quanta concept1900 Planck's radiation law1900 Larmor precession frequency1900 Meyer-Overton rule, hypothesis, theory, correlation1901 Pockels effect1903 Thomson model of atom1904 Langevin equation1904 Bravais-Friedel law1905 Friedel's law of rational symmetric intercepts1905 Curie-Weiss law1906 Nernst heat theorem1906 Einstein model1906 Rosanoff-Fischer projection rules1907 Davies condenser1908 Friedel's law of mean indices1908 Paschen's series1908 Vigreux column1908 Haber process1908 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation1908 Ritz principle, procedure1908 Einstein-Smoluchowski equation1909 Sorensen pH scale1909 Geiger counter1910 Hill plot1910 Knudsen vacuum gauge1910 Abderhalden optical method1911 Gieger-Nuttall law1911 Zeleny electroscope1912 Debye model, T3 lawDr.

8 John Andraos, law1912 Friedrichs condenser1912 Bragg equation1912 Laue symmetry groups1912 Stark-Einstein law of photochemical equivalence1912 Debye equation1913 Bodenstein steady state approximation1913 Michaelis-Menten equation1913 Moseley's law1913 Bohr model of the atom1913 Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer1913 Fajan's bonding rules1913 Stark effect1913 Millikan oil drop experiment1914 Lyman series1914 Rutherford scattering1916 Sommerfeld model1916 Lewis structures1916 Ehrenfest adiabatic theorem1917 Smoluchowski equation1917 Thiele tube1918 Madelung series1918 Nernst radical chain1919 Stern-Volmer plot1919 Dufton column1920 Dean-Stark apparatus1921 Ehrenfest symmetry factor1921 Bohr correspondence

9 Principle1921 Lande g-factor1922 Kasha-Vavilov rule1922 Brackett series1922 Stern-Gerlach experiment1922 Townsend effect1923 Auger effect, Auger electron spectroscopy1923 Bronsted catalysis law1923 Bronsted-Lowry acid1923 Debye-Huckel law1923 Lewis acid1923 Compton effect1923 Gaede diffusion pump1924 Bronsted-Bjerrum equation1924 Pauli exclusion principle1924 Pfund series1924 Bredt's rule1924 Bose-Einstein statistics1924 Hanle effect1924 Hudson's rules1925 Pulfrich's photometer1925de Broglie's lawDr. John Andraos, model1925 Hund's rules1925 Russell-Saunders coupling1925 Briggs-Haldane solution to Michaelis-Menten equation1925 Haworth formulas1925 Paschen-Back effect1925 Laporte rule1926 Guggenheim method1926 Schrodinger equation1926 Fermi-Dirac distribution1926 Wigner's rules1926 Debye-Waller factor1927 Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel (RRK)

10 Theory1927 Born-Oppenheimer approximation1927 Heitler-London treatment1927 Heisenberg uncertainty principle1927 Ehrenfest theorem1927 Onsager limiting law1927 Hinshelwood equation1927 Lennard-Jones potential1928 Gamow-Condon-Gurney law1928 Raman spectroscopy1928 Hartree equation1928 Franck-Condon principle1928 Grotrian diagrams1928 Cori cycle1929 Morse potential1929 Slater determinant1930 Slater orbital1930 Haldane equation1930 Haldane relationships1930 Hickman oil diffusion pump1930 London dispersion forces1930 Turner-Czerny optical arrangement1930 Mills-Nixon effect1931 Huckel molecular orbital theory1931 Jablonski diagram1931 Huckel 4n + 2 rule1931 Onsager reciprocal relations1931 Van de Graaff electrostatic generator1931 Pfeiffer effect1932 Hammett acidity function1932 Pauling electronegativity scale1932 Wigner tunnelling correction1932van Vleck paramagnetism1932 Hanes-Woolf plot1932 Fenske equation1932 Langmuir adsorption isotherm1932 Langmuir equationDr.