Structural Welding Code— Stainless Steel

1 AWS :2007An American National StandardStructuralWelding code Stainless Steel550 LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 AWS :2007An American National StandardApproved by theAmerican National Standards InstituteJanuary 4, 2007 Structural Welding code Stainless Steel2nd EditionSupersedes AWS :1999 Prepared by theAmerican Welding Society (AWS) D1 Committee on Structural WeldingUnder the Direction of theAWS Technical Activities CommitteeApproved by theAWS Board of DirectorsAbstractThis code covers the requirements for Welding Stainless Steel Structural :2007 Table of ContentsPage viiList of xiiiList of General Scope .. Base Metals .. Terms and Responsibilities .. Welding Symbols .. Safety Standard Units of Reference Documents .. 32. Design of Welded 5 Part A General Requirements .. General .. Contract Plans and Eccentricity of Connections.

2 Allowable Stresses .. 6 Part B Weld Lengths and Areas .. Effective Plug and Slots Welds .. 8 Part C Miscellaneous Structural General .. Filler Plates .. Lap Joints .. Transitions of Butt Joints in Nontubular Transitions in Tubular Connections .. Connections or Built-Up Members in Statically Loaded Structures .. Noncontinuous Beams .. Specific Requirements for Cyclically Loaded Structures .. Combinations of Different Types of Welds .. Skewed T-Joints .. 113. Scope .. 17 Part A General Requirements .. Limitation of Variables for Prequalified WPSs .. Combination of 17xPage :2007 Part B Prequalified Processes .. General .. Welding Processes .. Other Welding Processes .. 18 Part C Base Metals .. Base Metals for Prequalified WPSs .. Auxiliary Component Base Metals .. Base Metal for Weld Tabs and Backing.

3 18 Part D Prequalified Filler Metals, Fluxes, and Filler Metals .. Electrodes for Electrodes and Fluxes for SAW .. Consumables for GMAW, GTAW, and FCAW .. 19 Part E Weld Sizes for Prequalified General .. Prequalified Fillet Welds .. Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections .. Prequalified Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections .. Prequalified Flare-Bevel Groove Prequalified Skewed Joints .. Prequalified Plug and Slot Weld Sizes .. Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Nontubular Connections .. Prequalified Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Welds in Tubular Connections .. 21 Part F Prequalified Nontubular Joint General .. Partial Joint Penetration (PJP) Groove Welds .. Complete Joint Penetration (CJP) Groove Plug and Slot Welds.

4 Flare-Bevel Groove 22 Part G Prequalified Tubular Joint Details .. General .. Prequalified 23 Part H Prequalified WPS General .. Plug and Slot Welds .. 244. 73 Part A WPS Qualification Requirements .. General .. Essential Variables for WPS Qualification .. WPS Qualification Requirements .. Fillet Welds .. Tests Required for Groove and Fillet Welds .. Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests for WPS Qualification .. 74 Part B Performance Qualification Requirements for Welders and Welding Operators .. General .. Limitation of Variables for Welder Performance Qualification .. Limitation of Variables for Welding Operator Performance Qualification .. Types, Purposes, and Acceptance Criteria of Tests and Examinations for Welders andWelding Operators .. 78xiPage Overlay 795. General .. Responsibilities.

5 Preparation of Base Assembly Tolerances .. Distortion of Members .. Groove Weld Tack Welds and Temporary Peening .. Weld Termination .. Weld Weld Weld Metal Removal and Base Metal Repairs by Mislocated Inaccessibility of Unacceptable Welds .. Postweld Heat Treatment and Recommendations .. 1206. 125 Part A General Requirements .. General .. Inspection Personnel Qualification .. Inspection and Verification of Materials .. Verification of Procedure Qualification Record (PQR), Welding Procedure Specification (WPS),and Performance Qualification .. Inspection and Verification of Work and Obligations of the Nondestructive Testing .. Extent of Testing .. 128 Part B Radiographic Testing of Groove Welds in Butt General .. Radiographic Procedures .. Acceptability of Examination, Report, and Disposition of 130 Part C Ultrasonic Testing (UT) of Groove General.

6 UT Operator Requirements .. UT UT Procedure .. Reference Standard .. Calibration Scanning Patterns and Methods .. Weld Discontinuity Characterization Weld Discontinuity Sizing and Location Methods .. Interpretation Problems With Weld Classes and Amplitude Level .. Acceptance-Rejection Criteria .. Preparation and Disposition of Reports .. 137xiiPage :2007 Part D Other Examination Methods .. General .. Radiation Imaging Systems Including Real-Time E Quality of Quality of Welds Statically Loaded .. Quality of Welds Cyclically 1407. Stud Scope .. General Mechanical Workmanship .. Stud Application Qualification Requirements .. Production Control .. Fabrication and Verification Inspection Requirements .. 163 Annex A (Normative) Effective 169 Annex B (Normative) Effective Throats of Fillet Welds in Skewed T-Joints.

7 171 Annex D (Normative) Manufacturers Stud Base Qualification 175 Annex E (Normative) Discontinuity Acceptance 179 Annex F (Informative) Suggested Filler Metal for Various Combinations of Stainless Steels and OtherAnnex F (Informative) Ferrous Base 193 Annex G (Informative) List of Reference Documents .. 223 Annex H (Informative) Recommended Inspection Practice .. 227 Annex I (Informative) Nonprequalified Stainless Steels Guidelines for WPS Qualification and Use .. 231 Annex J (Informative) Safe 237 Annex K (Informative) Guidelines for the Preparation of Technical Inquiries ..241 Annex L (Informative) Terms and Definitions .. 243 Annex M (Informative) Sample Welding Forms .. 247 Annex N (Informative) Etchant 251 Annex O (Informative) Ultrasonic Unit Certification .. 253 Commentary .. 267 List of AWS Documents on Structural Welding .. 275xiiiAWS :2007 List of TablesTa blePage Stresses.

8 Variables to be Specified in the Austenitic Stainless Steels .. Filler Metal Weld Sizes of Flare-Groove Welds .. WPS Qualification Variables .. Essential Variables for all Processes .. Type, Number of Test Specimens, and Range of Thickness Qualified .. Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens .. Qualification Position and Diameter Limitations .. Grouping of Electrodes and Welding Rods for Qualification .. Classifications of Stainless Steel Weld Metal Analysis for WPS Limitations for Overlay WPS and Welding Operator Performance Qualification .. Backing Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Requirements .. Image Quality Indicator (IQI) Requirements .. Selection and Placement .. Acceptance-Rejection Criteria .. Property Requirements of Fillet Weld Size for Small Diameter Studs .. Torque Values (UNC).. Torque Values (Metric).

9 Fillet Weld Leg Size Factors for Skewed T-Joints .. Filler Metals for Various Combinations of Stainless Steel and Other Ferrous Base Metals .. and Chemical Composition of Stainless Steels and Other Ferrous Base Classification .. Testing/Examination Undercut 229xivAWS :2007 List of FiguresFigurePage Welds on Opposite Side of a Common Plane of Contact for Cyclically Loaded Structures .. Welded Lap Joint in Tubular Connections .. Welded Lap Joint .. of Butt Joints in Nontubular Connections of Unequal of Butt Joints in Tubular Connections of Unequal Thickness .. Metal Delta Ferrite Content .. for Prequalified Fillet Welds .. Welded Prequalified Joints .. PJP Groove Welded Joints CJP Groove Welded Joints Nontubular .. Joint Details for PJP Groove Welds Tubular .. Bead Width/Depth Limitations .. of Groove Welds .. of Fillet Welds .. Positions of Welds.

10 Of Test Specimens on PQR Plate or Fillet Weld Specimens .. Ejecting Guided-Bend Test Guided-Bend Test Jig .. Wrap-Around Guided-Bend Test for Selecting Minimum Bend Rectangular Tension Test Specimens (Longitudinal).. Specimen for Pipe Size Greater than 2 in. [50 mm] Nominal Diameter .. (A) Tension Specimens Reduced Section Turned (B) Tension Specimens Full Section Small Diameter Pipe .. in. [150 mm] or 8 in. [200 mm] Pipe Assembly for Performance Qualification 2G and 5G Longitudinal Performance Qualification .. Side-Bend Specimens Plate .. Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens Pipe .. Face-Bend and Root-Bend Specimens Plate .. Weld Root-Bend Test Specimens .. WPS and Performance Analysis Test .. Qualification Specimen Locations .. Weld Access Hole Weld Identification and Hole-Type or Wire IQI Locations on Approximately EqualThickness Joints 10 in.