Bolts, welds, column base - Eurocodes

1 Bolts, welds, column base Franti ek Wald Czech Technical University in Prague Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Motivation To present oContent/principles oSelected particularities oQuestions To offer oWorked examples for design according to EN1993-1-8: 2005 of Bolts Welds column bases Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Scope of the lecture Bolts oGeneral oDesign resistance of individual fasteners oNon-preloading bolts oSlotted holes oDesign for block tearing oWorked example oSummary Welds oGeneral oFillet weld oDesign model oDesign example oWelding to flexible plate oSummary column bases oBasis of design oComponents oBase plate and concrete in compression oBase plate in bending and bolt in tension oAnchor bolt in shear oAssembly oResistance oStiffness oClassification oWorked examples oSummary Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels.

2 16 - 17 October 2014 Scope of the lecture Bolts oGeneral oDesign resistance of individual fasteners oNon-preloading bolts oSlotted holes oDesign for block tearing oWorked examples oSummary Welds oGeneral oFillet weld oDesign model oDesign example oWelding to flexible plate oSummary column bases oBasis of design oComponents oBase plate and concrete in compression oBase plate in bending and bolt in tension oAnchor bolt in shear oAssembly oResistance oStiffness oClassification oWorked examples oSummary Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Connections made with bolts, rivets or pins in EN1993-1-8: 2005 Bolts, nuts and washers pg. 20 General 20 Preloaded bolts 20 Rivets 20 Anchor bolts 21 Categories of bolted connections 21 Shear connections 21 Tension connections 21 Positioning of holes for bolts and rivets 23 Design resistance of individual fasteners 24 Bolts and rivets 24 Injection bolts 28 Group of fasteners 29 Long joints 29 Slip resistant connections using or bolts 30 Design Slip resistance 30 Combined tension and shear 31 Hybrid connections 31 Deductions for fastener holes 31 General 31 Design for block tearing 32 Angles connected by one leg and other unsymmetrically connected members in tension 33 Lug angles 34 Prying forces 34 Distribution of forces between fasteners at the ultimate limit state 34 Connections made with pins 35 General 35 Design of pins 35 Eurocodes - Design of

3 Steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 bolt standards EN 15048 Non-preloaded structural bolting assemblies oPart 1: General requirements oPart 2: Suitability test EN 14399 High-strength structural bolting for preloading Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 High-strength structural bolting for preloading EN 14399 Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Suitability test for preloading Part 3: System HR Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies Part 4: System HV Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies Part 5: Plain washers Part 6: Plain chamfered washers Part 7: System HR Countersunk head bolt and nut assemblies Part 8 : System HV Hexagon fit bolt and nut assemblies Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Part 3: System HR Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Part 4: System HV Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Mechanical properties EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999) EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992) EN ISO 3506-1, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 3506-1:1997) EN ISO 3506-2, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners Part 2: Nut (ISO 3506-2.)

4 1997) Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Material Bolts made of carbon steel and alloy steel: , , , , , , Nuts made of carbon steel and alloy steel: 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 Bolts made of austenitic stainless steel: 50, 70, 80 Nuts made of austenitic stainless steel: 50, 70, 80 Washers (if appropriate) according to hardness class HV 100 or HV 200 Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 EN 1993-1-8 Material Properties Nominal values for bolts fyb is yield strength fub is ultimate tensile strength bolt class fyb (N/mm2) 240 320 300 400 480 640 900 fub (N/mm2) 400 400 500 500 600 800 1000 Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Holes oNormal +1 mm for M 12 +2 mm for M 16 up M 24 +3 mm for M 27 and bigger oOversized with 3 mm (M12) up 8 mm (M27) oSlotted (elongated) oClose fitting flushed bolts for bolt M20 must be the clearance d < 0,3 mm EN 1090-2 Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures Part 2.

5 Technical requirements for steel structures Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Scope of the lecture Bolts oGeneral oDesign resistance of individual fasteners oNon-preloading bolts oSlotted holes oDesign for block tearing oWorked example oSummary Welds oGeneral oFillet weld oDesign model oDesign example oWelding to flexible plate oSummary column bases oBasis of design oComponents oBase plate and concrete in compression oBase plate in bending and bolt in tension oAnchor bolt in shear oAssembly oResistance oStiffness oClassification oWorked examples oSummary Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Resistance in shear in one shear plane M2ubvRdv, fAF where the shear plane passes through the unthreaded portion of the bolt v = 0,6 A is the gross cross section of the bolt fub is ultimate tensile strength for bolt M2 s partial safety factors for resistance of bolts Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Resistance in shear in one shear plane M2ubvRdv, fAF where the shear plane passes through the threaded portion of the bolt - for classes , and.

6 V = 0,6 - for classes , , and v = 0,5 A is the tensile stress area of the bolt As fub is ultimate tensile strength for bolt M2 s partial safety factors for resistance of bolts Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Resistance in bearing p , ftdakF uubff01d3de 41301d dp 718202,de, 714102,de, where b is the smallest of d, or 1,0 , for inner bolts Perpendicular to the direction of load transfer or 2,5 or 2,5 In the direction of load transfer - for inner bolts k1 is the smallest of - for end bolts: - for edge bolts k1 is the smallest of Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Bearing of Plate and bolt Inner bolt Outer bolt Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Resistance in Bearing Load on a bolt not parallel to the edge the bearing resistance may be verified separately for the bolt load components parallel and normal to the edge in oversized holes reduce bearing by 0,8 e30Lt p1wpt1e110 IPE 200140605,64040445010V = 110 kNSd P 10 - 140 x 100M 20 - 1020 Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Influence of distances to force Prallel to acting force M2ub1Rd,bftdkF p1p1e1e1a1a1e1e1a1p2e2e2p2a2e2e2a2FF 1ff25.

7 0d3pd3eminuub0101b Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 M2ub1Rd,bftdkF p1p1e1e1a1a1e1e1a1p2e2e2p2a2e2e2a2FF 5,27,1dp4,17,1de8,2mink02021 Perpendicular to acting force Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Influence of distances Nomimal transversal distances: e1 = 1,2 d0 p1 = 2,2 d0 e2 = 1,2 d0 p2 = 2,4 d0 66,15,266,166,1min5,27,1dd4,24,17,1dd2,1 8,2min5,27,1dp4,17,1de8,2mink000002021 400,0d3d2,1d3e0001b End bolts Internal bolts 483,025,0d3d2,225,0d3p0001b M2uM2uM2ub1Rd,bftd664,0ftd400,066,1ftdak F p1e1e1p2e2e2Fe1= 1,2d0p1= 3,0d0e2= 1,5d0p2= 3,0d0M2uM2uM2ub1Rd,bftd802,0ftd483,066,1 ftdakF WE WE Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Sum p1e1e1p2e2e2Fe1= 1,2d0p1= 3,0d0e2= 1,5d0p2= 3,0d0 Sum of resistances Minimal resistance M2uM2uM2 Rdb,75,500,12875,12 ftdftdftdFu M2uM2uRdb,0,40,14 ftdftdF WE WE Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Pitch distances Min p1 = 2,2 d0 p2 = 2,4 d0 optimum e1 from 1,2 d0 to 1,45 d0 e2 = 1,2 d0 Large p1 = 3,75 d0 p2 = 3,0 d0 e1 = 3,0 d0 e2 = 1,5 d0 M2uM2uM2ub1Rd,bftd5,2ftd0,15,2ftdakF M2uM2uM2ub1Rd,bftd802,0ftd483,066.

8 1ftdakF WE Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Last-VerformungskurveVersuch VL-100-220-385Fu = 297kNFb,R = 234kN050100150200250300350024681012 Verformung ux [mm]Kraft Fx [kN] = 27%B1 B3 B2 B3 B2 B1 Last-VerfromungskurveVersuch VL-240-320-385Fu,test = 432kNFb,R,max = 426Fv ,R = 4380100200300400500024681012 Verschiebung ux [mm]Kraft Fx [kN]B3 B2 B1 e1 = 1,0 d0 < min. e1 = 1,2 d0 B1 B3 B2 e1 = 2,4d0 and p1 = 3,2 d0 Comparison to EN e1 and p1 min. Fu/FEN3 = 1,27 e1 and p1 max. Fu/FEN3 1,02 University of Dortmund, Institute of Steel Structures Steel S690 Experiment bolts M12 minimal and maximal pitch Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Comparison of simulation VL-100-220-385 Numerical model Good agreement Diffference D=5,5% University of Dortmund, Institute of Steel Structures Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels.

9 16 - 17 October 2014 Scope of the lecture Bolts oGeneral oDesign resistance of individual fasteners oNon-preloading bolts oSlotted holes oDesign for block tearing oWorked example oSummary Welds oGeneral oFillet weld oDesign model oDesign example oWelding to flexible plate oSummary column bases oBasis of design oComponents oBase plate and concrete in compression oBase plate in bending and bolt in tension oAnchor bolt in shear oAssembly oResistance oStiffness oClassification oWorked examples oSummary Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Bearing resistance in slotted holes Loaded perpendicular to the long direction of the slot 60% of resistance in circular holes 110 25 50 35 10 40 40 8 16 18 8 M 16 110 25 50 35 10 40 40 22 18 M 16 Displacement , mm 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Force, F, kN Slotted holes, Circular holes, 180 (test 1c-16-1-d+2) (test 5c-16-1-d+2,5)

10 8 16 8 45 200 Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Scope of the lecture Bolts oGeneral oDesign resistance of individual fasteners oNon-preloading bolts oSlotted holes oDesign for block tearing oWorked example oSummary Welds oGeneral oFillet weld oDesign model oDesign example oWelding to flexible plate oSummary column bases oBasis of design oComponents oBase plate and concrete in compression oBase plate in bending and bolt in tension oAnchor bolt in shear oAssembly oResistance oStiffness oClassification oWorked examples oSummary Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Block tearing Failure in shear at the row of bolts along the shear face of the hole group accompanied by Tensile rupture along the line of bolt holes on the tension face of the bolt group NEdNEdNEdNEdEurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 - 17 October 2014 Test Orbison , Wagner M.