EN 1991-1-7 Eurocode 1 Accidental Actions

1 EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 1. EN 1991-1-7 . Eurocode 1. Accidental Actions Ton Vrouwenvelder TNO Bouw / TU Delft EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 2. EN 1990 Section Basic Requirements (4)P A structure shall be designed and executed in such a way that it will not be damaged by events like - explosion - impact and - consequences of human errors to an extent disproportionate to the original cause Note: Further information is given in EN 1991-1-7 . EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 3. EN 1990 guidance: reducing hazards low sensitive structural form survival of local damage sufficient warning at collapse tying members EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 4.

2 EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 5. World Trade Center USA, 2001. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 6. Eurocode EN 1991-1-7 . 1. General 2. Classification 3. Design situations 4. Impact 5. Explosions Annexes A. Design for localised failure B. Risk analysis C. Dynamics D. Explosions EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 7. 3 Design strategies EUROCODES. Background and Applications 4. Impact Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 8. Type of road Vehicle type Fd,x [kN]. Motorway Truck 1000. Country roads Truck 750. Urban area Truck 500. Parking place Truck 150. Parking place Passenger car 50. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 9.

3 Annex B: scenario model EUROCODES. Background and Applications Annex C: force model Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 10. 2500. F[kN]. 2000. 1500. upper lower theorie 1000. 500. 0. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000. E [kNm]. F=v (km). model en experiment EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 11. Table : Data for probabilistic collision force calculation variable designation type mean stand dev n number of lorries/day deterministic 5000 - T reference time deterministic 100 years - accident rate deterministic 10-10 m -1 - b width of a vehicle deterministic m - angle of collision course rayleigh 10o 10o v vehicle velocity lognormal 80 km/hr 10 km/hr a deceleration lognormal 4 m 2/s m/s2. m vehicle mass normal 20 ton 12 ton k vehicle stiffness deterministic 300 kN/m - EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 12.

4 Force [kN]. 3000. 2500. eq 2000. 1500. 1000. 500. distance [m]. 0. 10 20 30 40 50. Life time exceedence probability: 10-3. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Design example: bridge column in motorway Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 13. x H h y Fdy a b b width m h thickness m H column height 5m fy yield stress steel 300 MPa fc concrete strength 50 MPa reinforcement ratio EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 14. Bending moment: a( H a ) ( ). Mdx = H. Fdx = 1000 = 940 kNm Resistance: MRdx = h2 b fy = 300 000. = 1200 kNm > 940 kNm EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 15. 5 + Annex D: gas explosions in buildings gas explosions in tunnels dust explosions EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 16.

5 INTERNAL NATURAL GAS EXPLOSIONS. The design pressure is the maximum of: pd = 3 + pv pd = 3 + pv+0,04/(Av/V)2. pd = nominal equivalent static pressure [kN/m2]. Av = area of venting components [m2]. V = volume of room [m3]. Validity: V < 1000 m3 ; 0,05 m-1 < Av / V < 0,15 m-1. Annex B: load duration = s EUROCODES. Background and Applications Design Example: Compartment in a multi story building Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 17. H = 3m pd B=8m Compartment: 3 x 8 x 14 m Two glass walls (pv =3 kN/m2) and two concrete walls EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 18. explosion pressure: pEd = 3 + pv/2 + 0,04/(Av/V)2. = 3 + + / = kN/m2. self weight = kN/m2. live load = kN/m2. Design load combination (bottom floor): pda = pSW + pE + 1LL pLL. = + + * = kN/m2. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Dynamic increase in load carrying capacity Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 19.

6 P SW 2 u max d = 1 + p Rd g ( t )2. t = s = load duration g = 10 m/s2. umax = m = midspan deflection at collapse psw = 3,0 kN/m2 and pRd = kN/m2. 3 2 * 0 . 20. d = [1 + 7 .7 10 ( 0 . 2 ) 2. ] = pREd = d pRd = * = kN/m2 > kN/m2. Conclusion: bottom floor system okay EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 20. Be careful for upper floors and columns P sw pE. edge centre column column B. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 21. BLEVE in een overkluizing EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 22. Y. X. Y. X. Z. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 23..1E-1..9E-2..8E-2..7E-2..6E-2..5E-2. Y .4E-2..3E-2..2E-2. X .1E-2. Z 0. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 24.

7 Annex A: Classification of buildings Consequences class Example structures class 1 low rise buildings where only few people are present class 2, lower group most buildings up to 4 stories class 2, upper group most buildings up to 15 stories class 3 high rise building, grand stands etc. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 25. Annex A: What to do Class 1 No special considerations Class 2, Lower Group Horizontal ties in floors Frames Class 2, Lower group Full cellular shapes Wall structures Floor to wall anchoring. Class 2, Upper Group Horizontal ties and effective vertical ties OR limited damage on notional removal OR special design of key elements Class 3 Risk analysis and/or advanced mechanical analysis recommended EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 26. Class 2a (lower group). s=4m s=4m interne trekbandTi alle liggers kunnen worden ontworpen om als trekband L=5m te dienen omtrek trekband Tp interne trekband Ti randkolom EUROCODES.

8 Background and Applications Class 2a (lower group). Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 27. s=4m s=4m interne trekband 2 12. L=5m omtrek trekband 2 12. interne trekband 2 12. randkolom Ti= (gk+ qk)sL = {3+ *3}x4x5=88 kN>75 kN. FeB 500: A = 202 mm2 or 2 12mm EUROCODES Background horizontal typings Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 28. total load on center column R = (gk + qk) L s = p L s s L. s Ti = 0,8 s L p L. Ti Ti Ti middenkolom EUROCODES. Background and Applications Background typing forces Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 29. Ti = p s L. Equilibirum for = (s+L)/6. drukkrachten tre R. kk ra ch te n verplaatsing . X X. R.. Ti EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 30. Suggestion: design corner column as a key element. EUROCODES.

9 Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 31. Example structure, Class 2, Upper Group, Framed L = m, s =6 m, qk=gk=4 kN/m2, = internal ties perimeter tie L. s EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 32. Example structure Internal horizontal tie force Ti = (gk + qk) s L = {4+4} (6 x ) = 276 kN. FeB 500: A = 550 mm2 or 2 18 mm. Vertical tying force: Ti = (gk + qk) s L = {4+4} (6 x ) = 350 kN. FeB 500: A = 700 mm2 or 3 18 mm. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 33. Class 2 higher class walls 1,2 m z interne trekband Ti omtrek trekband Tp interne trekband Ti dragende wand EUROCODES. Background and Applications Class 2 higher class walls Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 34. Tyings Horizontal: Ti = Ft (gk + qk) /7,5 z/5 kN/m > Ft Periphery: Tp = Ft Vertical: T = 34 A / 8000 (H/t) in N > 100 kN/m Ft = 20 + 4ns kN/m < 60 kN/m ns = number of storeys z = span A = horizontal cross section of wall [mm ].

10 H = free storey height t = wall thickness EUROCODES. Background and Applications Class 2 higher class walls Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 35. Design Example: L = 7,2 m, H = 2,8 m en t = 250 mm T = 34 7200 250/8000 (2800/250) =. = 960 10 N = 960 kN > 720 kN. maximal distance 5 m maximal distance from edge: m Result: 2 tyings of 480 kN. EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 36. Effect of tyings in walls EUROCODES. Background and Applications Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 37. Effect of vertical tyings gaping EUROCODES. Background and Applications class 3: Risk analysis Brussels, 18-20 February 2008 Dissemination of information workshop 38. Definition of scope and limitations Guidance can be found in Qualitative Risk analysis Annex B: hazard identification hazard scenarios description of consequences Reconsideration definition of measures of scope and assumptions Quantitative Risk Analyisis inventory of uncertainties modelling of uncertatinties probabilistic calculations quantification of consequences calculation of risks Risk management risk acceptance criteria decision on measures Presentation EUROCODES.