Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design Worked examples

1 Report EUR 26227 EN, 2013 Authors: Andrew J. Bond, Bernd Schuppener, Giuseppe Scarpelli, Trevor Orr Editors: Silvia Dimova, Borislava Nikolova, Artur V. Pinto Worked examples presented at the Workshop Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design Dublin, 13-14 June, 2013 Support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the Eurocodes Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design Worked examples European Commission Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Contact information Address: Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi 2749, TP 480, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: Tel.: +39 0332 78 9989 Fax: +39 0332 78 9049 Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed.

2 A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server JRC 85029 EUR 26227 EN ISBN 978-92-79-33759-8 ISSN 1831-9424 doi: Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013 European Union, 2013 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy i TABLE OF CONTENTS List of authors and CHAPTER Foreword CHAPTER Basis of Design Overview .. 7 Design requirements .. 8 Actions and Design situations .. 9 Limit states .. 9 Supervision, monitoring, and maintenance .. 13 Summary of key points .. 13 Worked example combinations of actions .. 13 CHAPTER Shallow foundations Scope .. 17 Design situations and limit states .. 17 INTRODUCTION .. 17 Design INEQUALITIES .. 19 OVERALL STABILITY OF SPREAD 20 Ultimate Limit State verifications by Direct Method.

3 21 BEARING RESISTANCE .. 22 SLIDING RESISTANCE .. 25 SLS check the performance of the foundation .. 26 SOME USEFUL DEFINITIONS .. 27 METHODS FOR SLS CHECK .. 28 SLS ULS CHECK BY USING INDIRECT METHODS (SEE TABLE ) .. 29 Summary of key points .. 31 Worked example Design of a strip foundation .. 31 ii CHAPTER Retaining structures I Scope .. 35 Design situations and limit states .. 35 Basis of Design for gravity walls .. 38 Verification of ultimate limit state GEO .. 40 REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS .. 40 MASS GRAVITY WALLS .. 42 REINFORCED FILL WALLS .. 43 Verification of serviceability .. 43 Supervision, monitoring, and maintenance .. 44 Summary of key points .. 45 Worked example T-shaped wall .. 45 CHAPTER Ground investigations and testing Overview .. 49 Definitions .. 49 Planning of ground investigations .. 50 Field Tests .. 52 Laboratory Tests.

4 53 Characteristic values of Geotechnical data .. 54 Summary of key points .. 54 Worked example characteristic values of ground parameters .. 55 CHAPTER Slope stability, embankments and hydraulic failure Overview .. 59 Slope stability .. 59 SCOPE AND CONTENTS .. 59 ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE Design OF SLOPES .. 60 SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSES .. 61 Infinite slope analyses .. 61 General stability analyses .. 62 Bishop s simplified method of slices .. 63 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE Design OF SLOPES .. 63 iii Embankments .. 64 SCOPE AND CONTENTS .. 64 LIMIT STATE ANALYSES .. 64 MONITORING AND MAINTENANCE .. 65 Hydraulic failure .. 65 OVERVIEW AND DEFINITIONS .. 65 VERIFICATION OF RESISTANCE TO 66 VERIFICATION OF RESISTANCE TO HEAVE .. 66 INTERNAL EROSION .. 67 FAILURE BY PIPING .. 67 Summary of key points .. 68 SLOPES AND 68 HYDRAULIC FAILURE .. 68 Worked examples applying EN1997-1 expressions ( ) and ( ) (here , and ).

5 69 CHAPTER Retaining structures II Scope .. 73 Design situations and limit states .. 73 Basis of Design for embedded walls .. 75 Verification of ultimate limit state GEO .. 77 Verification of serviceability .. 80 Supervision, monitoring, and maintenance .. 81 Summary of key points .. 81 Worked example anchored sheet pile wall .. 81 CHAPTER Deep foundations Scope .. 85 Design situations and limit states .. 85 Approaches to pile Design and static load tests .. 86 Ultimate limit state Design of 87 EQUILIBRIUM EQUATION .. 87 Design AXIAL LOAD .. 88 CHARACTERISTIC PILE RESISTANCE .. 88 Design COMPRESSIVE RESISTANCE .. 90 PILE GROUPS .. 92 iv Serviceability limit state Design .. 92 Pile Design in Ireland .. 93 PILE Design IN IRELAND FROM GROUND TEST RESULTS .. 93 PILE Design IN IRELAND USING THE ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURE .. 93 Summary of key points .. 94 Worked examples pile Design .

6 95 Worked examples Introduction .. 99 Worked example to accompany Chapter 2 .. 99 Design SITUATION .. 99 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS FOR PERSISTENT AND TRANSIENT Design SITUATIONS - ULS VERIFICATION .. 101 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS FOR QUASI-PERMANENT Design SITUATIONS - SLS VERIFICATIONS .. 103 Worked example to accompany Chapter 3 .. 104 Design SITUATION .. 105 ASSIGNEMENT: THE FOUNDATION WIDTH B TO SATISFY BOTH ULS AND SLS IS 107 Design OF A STRIP FOUNDATION FOR BEARING RESISTANCE .. 112 Design OF A STRIP FOUNDATION: SERVICEABILITY CHECK .. 113 CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENTS IN OEDOMETRIC CONDITIONS: .. 115 Worked example to accompany Chapter 4 .. 119 Design SITUATION .. 119 T-SHAPED WALL: VERIFICATION OF DRAINED STRENGTH (LIMIT STATE GEO) - Design APPROACH 1 .. 120 VERIFICATIONS .. 123 T-SHAPED WALL: VERIFICATION OF DRAINED STRENGTH (LIMIT STATE GEO) - Design APPROACH 2*.

7 124 VERIFICATIONS .. 127 Worked example to accompany Chapter 5 .. 128 APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS TO DETERMINE CHARACTERISTIC VALUES OF GROUND PARAMETER .. 128 CHARACTERISTIC VALUES FOR BASE AND SHAFT RESISTANCE OF PILE IN SAND . 129 CHARACTERISTIC VALUES FOR BASE AND SHAFT RESISTANCE OF PILE IN STIFF CLAY 131 Worked example to accompany Chapter 6 .. 133 VERIFICATION AGAINST OF FAILURE OF UPLIFT .. 133 v VERIFICATION AGAINST FAILURE OF HYDRAULIC HEAVE .. 139 Worked example to accompany Chapter 7 .. 140 Design SITUATION .. 140 ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL: VERIFICATION OF DRAINED STRENGTH (LIMIT STATE GEO) - Design APPROACH 1 .. 141 VERIFICATIONS .. 143 ANCHORED SHEET PILE WALL: VERIFICATION OF DRAINED STRENGTH (LIMIT STATE GEO) - Design APPROACH 2* .. 144 VERIFICATIONS .. 146 Worked examples to accompany Chapter 8 .. 147 PILE DESIGNED FROM STATIC LOAD TEST RESULTS.

8 147 Design Approach 1 .. 149 Design Approach 2 .. 149 Design Approach 3 .. 150 Conclusions from Example 1 .. 150 PILE FOUNDATION DESIGNED FROM SOIL TEST PROFILE .. 150 Design Approach 1 .. 152 Design Approach 2 .. 153 Design Approach 3 .. 153 Conclusions from Example 2 .. 153 PILE FOUNDATION DESIGNED FROM SOIL PARAMETERS .. 154 Design Approach 1 .. 156 Design Approach 2 .. 156 Design Approach 3 .. 157 Conclusions from Example 3 .. 158 vi vii List of authors and editors Authors CHAPTER 1 - Forward Silvia DIMOVA European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) Joint Research Center (JRC), European Commission Borislava NIKOLOVA European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) Joint Research Center (JRC), European Commission Artur V. PINTO European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) Joint Research Center (JRC), European Commission Andrew J.

9 BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 2 - Basis of Design Andrew J. BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) Bernd SCHUPPENER, BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Germany (former Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 3 - Shallow foundations Giuseppe SCARPELLI, Technical University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy (former Vice-Chairman of TC250/SC7) Trevor Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Convenor of TC250/SC7/EG3) CHAPTER 4 - Retaining structures I Andrew J. BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) Bernd SCHUPPENER, BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Germany (former Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 5 - Ground investigation and testing Bernd SCHUPPENER, BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Germany (former Chairman of TC250/SC7) Andrew J. BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 6 - Slope stability, embankments, and hydraulic failure Trevor Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Convenor of TC250/SC7/EG3) Bernd SCHUPPENER, BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Germany (former Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 7 - Retaining structures II Andrew J.

10 BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) viii Giuseppe SCARPELLI, Technical University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy (former Vice-Chairman of TC250/SC7) CHAPTER 8 - Deep foundations Trevor Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Convenor of TC250/SC7/EG3) Andrew J. BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) ANNEX - Worked examples Andrew J. BOND, Geocentrix Ltd, Banstead, UK (Chairman of TC250/SC7) Bernd SCHUPPENER, BAW Federal Waterways Engineering and Research Institute, Germany (former Chairman of TC250/SC7) Giuseppe SCARPELLI, Technical University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy (former Vice-Chairman of TC250/SC7) Trevor Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland (Convenor of TC250/SC7/EG3) Editors Silvia DIMOVA European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) Joint Research Center (JRC), European Commission Borislava NIKOLOVA European Laboratory for Structural Assessment (ELSA) Institute for Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC) Joint Research Center (JRC), European Commission Artur V.