Seminar ‘ Bridge Design with Eurocodes’

1 Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20121EU-Russia Regulatory Dialogue: Construction Sector SubgroupEU-Russia Regulatory Dialogue: Construction Sector SubgroupSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC-Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 OiddtdbOrganized and supported byEuropean CommissionDG Joint Research CentreDG Enterprise and IndustryRussian FederationFederal Highway Agency, Ministry of TransportEuropean Committee for StandardizationEuropean Committee for StandardizationTC250 Structural EurocodesSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20122 Actions (loading) on bridgesN.

2 MalakatasChairman of CEN/TC250/SC1 Director for Design & Studies of Road WorksGreek Ministry DCITND esign and construction of a Bridge : en 1991 -2 (Traffic loads on bridges) + hEd Ci S dSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20123other Eurocodes + Construction ON A BRIDGES eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20124It is reminded that according to en 1991 the following shouldbe considered: Selfweight and imposed loads WindWind Thermal actions Actions during execution Accidentalactions(impactloads) Accidentalactions(impactloads) Traffic loadsThlthtidibdiEN1991hfiThere are also other actionsdescribedinEN1991,suchasfireand snow loads, which are usually irrelevant.

3 Additionalactions are foreseen in other EN Eurocodes, namely: Concrete creep and shrinkage (EN 1992) Settlements and earthpressures(EN 1997)p() Seismic actions (EN 1998)PARTS AND IMPLEMENTATION OF en 1991 Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20125 Part of eurocode 1: Actions on structuresTitle (Subject)IssuedEN 1991-1-1 General actions Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildingsApril 2002EN 1991-1-2 General actions Actions on structures November 2002exposed to fireEN 1991-1-3 General actions Snow loadsJuly 2003EN 199114Gl ti Wi d tiA il 2005EN 1991-1-4 General actions Wind actionsApril 2005EN 1991-1-5 General actions Thermal actionsNovember 2003EN 1991-1-6 General actions Actions during executionJune 2005EN 1991-1-7 General actions Accidental actionsJuly 2006EN 1991-2 Traffic loads on bridgesSeptember 2003EN 1991-3 Actions induced by cranes and hiJuly 2006machineryEN 1991-4 Silos and

4 TanksMay 2006 ACTIONS : SELFWEIGHTS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20126 Safety barrierSafety barrierConcrete support for the safety barrier8 cm thick asphat layer8 cm thick asphat layerCornice3 cm thick waterproofing layerACTIONS : SELFWEIGHTS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20127 Structuralparts:pThe density ofstructural steelis taken equal to77 kN/m3[EN1991-1-1, Table ].The density ofreinforced concreteis takenequalto25kN/m3[EN1991-1-1 TableA1]Theselfweightisequalto25kN/m3[ en 1991 -1-1, ].Theselfweightisdetermined based on the dimensions of the parts:The density of thewaterproofing materialand of theasphaltistaken as equal to24-25 kN/m3[ en 1991 -1-1, Table ].

5 Accordingto[ en 1991 -1-1, (3)]it is recommended that theg[()]nominal value of the waterproofing layer and the asphalt layeris multiplied by +/-20% (if the post-execution coating is takenintoaccountinthenominalvalue)andby+ 40%/-20%(ifthisisintoaccountinthenominal value)andby40%/20%(ifthisisnot the case) en 1991 -2: TRAFFIC LOADS ON BRIDGESS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20128 Forward Section 1 General Section 2 Classification of actions Section 2 Classification of actions Section 3 Design situations Section 4 Road traffic actions and otherSection 4 Road traffic actions and other actions specifically for road bridges Section 5 Actions on footways, cycle tracks y, yand footbridges Section 6 Traffic actions and other actions specifically for railway bridgesEN 1991-2.

6 TRAFFIC LOADS ON BRIDGESS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20129 Annex A (informative) Models of special vehicles for road bridgesroad bridges Annex B (informative) Fatigue life assessment for road bridges assessment method based on recorded traffic Annex C(normative)Dynamic factors 1 + for real Annex C (normative) Dynamic factors 1 + for real trains Annex D (normative) Basis for the fatigue assessment of ilttrailway structures Annex E (informative) Limits of validity of load model HSLM and the selection of the critical universal train from HSLM-A Annex F (informative) Criteria to be satisfied if a dynamic analysis is not requiredyy q Annex G (informative) Method for determining the combined response of a structure and track to variable actionsactions Annex F (informative) Load models for rail traffic loads in transient Design situationsEN 1991-2: TRAFFIC LOADS ON BRIDGESS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October laneTraffic measurements (F)Traffic measurements.

7 Axial load Total load - [kN]0,20,140,160,18 Auxerre (F)M4 (IRL)0,080,10,12fi0,020,040,060040801201 6020024028032036040044048052056060064068 0P [kN] en 1991 -2: TRAFFIC LOADS ON BRIDGESS eminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201211 Extreme traffic scenariosACTIONS : TRAFFIC LOADS -General organisation for road bridgesSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201212 Traffic load models-Vertical forces : LM1, LM2, LM3, LM4-Horizontal forces : braking and acceleration,Horizontal forces : braking and acceleration, centrifugal, transverseGroups of loads1 1b2345-gr1a, gr1b, gr2, gr3, gr4, gr5- characteristic, frequent and quasi-permanent valuesvaluesCombinationwithactionsothert hantraffricCombinationwithactions otherthantraffricactionsLoad Models (Vertical) for Road BridgesSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201213 LOAD MODELS FOR LIMIT STATE VERIFICATIONS OTHER THAN FOR FATIGUE LIMIT STATESF ield of application.

8 Loaded lengths less than 200 m (maximum length taken into account for the(maximum length taken into account for the calibration of the eurocode ) and width less than 42 m (for L>200 m they result safe-sided) Load Model Nr. 1 - Concentrated and distributed loads (main model)loads (main model) Load Model Nr. 2 - Single axle load Load Model Nr. 3 - Set of special vehicles (Can be specified by NA)py) Load Model Nr. 4 - Crowd loading : 5 kN/m2 Carriageway width wSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201214 Width measured between kerbs (height more than 100 mm recommended value) or between the inner limits of vehicle restraint systemsDivision of the carriageway into notional lanesSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201215 CarriagewaywidthNumber of notional lanesNotional lane widthWidth of the remaining areaw< 5,4 m= 13 mw 3 m5,4 m w<6m=202/w n n5,4 m w 6 m 206 m w3 mw-3 3/intwn 2/w nRemaining area1 Lane n 1 (3m)2 Lane n 2(3m)

9 Notional lane n. 1 Remaining areaNotional lane n Lane n2 (3m)3 Lane n 3 (3m)Remaining areaNotional lane n. 2 Notional lane n Remaining areaRemaining areaNotional lane n. main load model (LM1) Seminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201216qrk = 2,5 kN/mqrk = 2,5 kN/m22q1k = 9 q1k = 9 kN/kN/22kN/mkN/m22q2k = 2 5 kN/mq2k = 2 5 kN/m22q2k = 2,5 kN/mq2k = 2,5 kN/m22q3k = 2,5 kN/mq3k = 2,5 kN/m22qrk = 2,5 kN/mqrk = 2,5 kN/m22TS T dtq,q,TS : Tandem systemUDL : Uniformly distributed loadThe main The main loadload model for road bridges model for road bridges (LM1) : (LM1).

10 Diagrammaticdiagrammatic representationrepresentationSeminar Bridge Design with Eurocodes JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201217 QikQikqikFor the For the determinationdetermination of of generalgeneral effectseffects, the , the tandemstandemstraveltravelalongalongthet heLane n. 1Q =300 kNq = tandems traveltravelalongalongthe the axis of the axis of the notionalnotional laneslanesLane n. =200 kN2kq = n. 3Q =100 kN3kq = kN/m3k2 Remaining area q = localFor localverificationsverificationsWhereWher e twotwo tandems are tandems are locatedlocatedinintwotwoadjacentadjacent For local For local verificationsverifications, , the the heaviestheaviest tandem tandem shouldshould bebe positionedpositioned to to ttththttlocatedlocatedin in twotwoadjacent adjacent notionalnotional laneslanes, , theythey maymaybebe broughtbrought closercloser, the , the distancedistancebetweenbetweenaxlesaxles getgetthe the mostmostunfavourableunfavourable distanc