TA 91/05 - Standards for Highways

1 February 2005 DESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGESVOLUME 5 ASSESSMENT ANDPREPARATION OF ROADSCHEMESSECTION 2 PREPARATION ANDIMFORMATIONPART 4TA 91/05 PROVISION FOR NON-MOTORISEDUSERSSUMMARYThis Advice Note provides guidance in relation toprovision for non- motorised users, through the designand implementation of both on- and off- carriagewayprovision including crossings, junctions and generaldesign FOR USEThis is a new document to be inserted into the Contents pages from Volume new Contents page for Volume 5 datedFebruary TA 91/05 into Volume 5, Section archive this sheet as : A quarterly index with a full set of VolumeContents Pages is available separately from TheStationery Office Ltd. TA 91/05 Provision forNon- motorised UsersSummary:This Advice Note provides guidance in relation to provision for non-motorisedusers, through the design and implementation of both on- and off- carriagewayprovision including crossings.

2 Junctions and general design MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGESTHE Highways AGENCYSCOTTISH EXECUTIVEWELSH ASSEMBLY GOVERNMENTLLYWODRAETH CYNULLIAD CYMRUTHE DEPARTMENT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTNORTHERN IRELANDV olume 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 2005 REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTSA mendPage NoSignature & Date ofAmendPage NoSignature & Date ofNoincorporation ofNoincorporation ofamendmentsamendmentsRegistration of AmendmentsVolume 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 2005 REGISTRATION OF AMENDMENTSA mendPage NoSignature & Date ofAmendPage NoSignature & Date ofNoincorporation ofNoincorporation ofamendmentsamendmentsRegistration of AmendmentsVOLUME 5 ASSESSMENT ANDPREPARATION OF ROADSCHEMESSECTION 2 PREPARATION ANDIMFORMATIONPART 4TA 91/05 PROVISION FOR Development and Off-Carriageway Routes (OCRs) Cycling and Contents and 1 Legal Framework (England and WalesOnly)Annex 2 OCR TypesAnnex 3On-Carriageway Cycling FacilitiesAnnex 4 NMU Crossing: Site Assessment RecordSheetDESIGN MANUAL FOR ROADS AND BRIDGESF ebruary 2005 Volume 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 20051/1 Chapter 1 Introduction1.

3 Purpose of this Advice Note is to highlightthe needs of Non- motorised Users (NMUs) on trunkroads, and provide guidance on provision of bothOff-Carriageway Routes (OCRs) and on-carriagewayfacilities, including crossings and junctions. OCRs areNMU routes which may be either inside or outside thehighway boundary, but do not form part of are considered to be pedestrians, cyclistsand equestrians. Particular consideration should begiven to the needs of disabled people, who may use anyof these modes or other equipment such as the purpose of this Advice Note users ofelectrically assisted pedal cycles or poweredwheelchairs and invalid carriages, that conform withcurrent Department for Transport regulations and maylegally be used on pedestrian or cycle facilities, are alsoconsidered as Advice Note should be read in conjunctionwithTA 90 (DMRB ), HD 42 (DMRB ) andTA 68 (DMRB ). Other documents within theDesign Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) alsoprovide information in relation to NMUs; these areidentified where relevant within this Advice Advice Note and those identified inparagraph wholly supersede TA 67 (DMRB )and replace Chapters 8 and 11 of TA 57 (DMRB ).

4 Advice Note NMUs have a legal right to use the publichighway, unless specifically modal shift, particularly to walkingand cycling, has a very important role to play increating a more integrated and sustainable purpose trunk roads typically carry highflows of fast moving traffic and are generallyunattractive for NMUs to travel along or , trunk roads often provide important links orroutes for NMUs, representing the quickest, most directroute between key destinations, and are often usedbecause of the lack of more convenient alternatives. Assuch there is a need to ensure that scheme designs takefull account of NMU requirements, and thatopportunities are taken to encourage safer and moreattractive provision wherever Advice Note considers facilities for NMUsas part of trunk road schemes. Other national, regionaland user group guidance is also available and mayprovide additional or more suitable advice in This Advice Note contains information on legalissues in relation to NMUs within England and Wales(Annex 1).

5 However, legal advice should always besought before proposals are finalised because of thepossibility of changes to legislation and case This Advice Note should be used forthwith forthe planning and design of trunk roads and motorwayimprovement schemes, currently being prepared,provided that in the opinion of the OverseeingOrganisation this would not result in unreasonableexpense or delay to the progress of the scheme. DesignOrganisations should confirm its application toparticular schemes with the Overseeing This Advice Note does not apply in and This guidance draws from a range of documentsfrom governmental and non-governmentalorganisations. A range of user groups and otherorganisations have also been consulted in thedevelopment of this Advice Organisation: The highwayauthority responsible for the Organisation: The organisation(s)commissioned to undertake scheme 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 20052/1 Chapter 2 NMU Requirements2.

6 NMU chapter identifies the characteristics ofdifferent NMUs and their general 2/1 Pedestrian Footbridge Over M1 Slip is a means of travel in its own right, butis an essential part of many other journeys, includingthose by car and public transport. However, there hasbeen a decline in both the number and distance ofjourneys on foot since the mid-1980s. Nearly half of alljourneys are less than 2 miles, a distance that couldeasily be walked by the majority of is used to access a wide variety ofdestinations including educational facilities, shops, andplaces of work, normally within a range of up to 2miles. Walking and rambling can also be undertaken asa leisure activity, often over longer term disabled people covers a wide rangeof people with physical, sensory or mental impairment,with different needs and abilities. There are variousforms of disability, as follows: Mobility Impaired includes people who usewheelchairs and those who can walk but onlywith difficulty, often using some form of aid suchas a stick or walking frame.

7 Visually Impaired can be sub-divided intoblind and partially sighted people. Hearing Impaired can be subdivided intothose who are profoundly deaf and those withimpaired hearing, ranging from severe to milddeafness. People with reaching, stretching and dexterityproblems these are frequently the result ofarthritis, muscular dystrophy or complaints of thenervous system. People with learning disability difficulty inunderstanding complicated information or usingcomplex 14% of the population havephysical, sensory or mental impairments that causemobility difficulties. Many people, particularly olderpeople, have more than one impairment. Able-bodiedpeople also encounter temporary mobility impairment,for example when pushing a baby s buggy, carryingshopping or luggage and escorting people have a range of specific needs,in terms of manoeuvrability requirements, gradients,ramps and steps, barriers, colour contrast, surfaces,kerbs, crossings and access to public and older people have particular difficultiescrossing busy roads such as trunk roads.

8 It is usuallypossible to accommodate the needs of most pedestriansby providing for disabled people. Therefore, meetingthe needs of disabled people should be a fundamentalpart of the design the Disability Discrimination Act 1995,Design Organisations should ensure that wherepossible, accessibility for disabled people is equal tothat of other NMUs. Particular attention is drawn in theAct to disabled people s access to bus stops, escaperoutes for disabled motorists and service and picnicareas, which are described further in Chapter more detailed advice and best practiceguidelines, Design Organisations should refer toVolume 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 20052/2 Chapter 2 NMU RequirementsInclusive Mobility: a Guide to Best Practice on Accessto Pedestrian and Transport Infrastructure (DfT, 2002)and Guidance on the Use of Tactile Paving Surfaces(DfT, 1999).Figure 2/2 Wheelchair Users Passing UnderElevated currently accounts for a low percentageof all trips in the UK, yet many people own three quarters of all journeys are less than 5miles in length, distances that could easily by cycled bythe majority of people.

9 However, the flow of traffic onmajor roads, together with the environment and designof these roads, often deters people from 2/3 Cyclist Using Cycling is undertaken by a range of users,including disabled people, on bicycles of different sizesand configurations. Cyclists also have a wide range ofabilities. Design Standards for the National CycleNetwork have been developed to be suitable for use bynovice adult cyclists, families with young children orsensible unaccompanied 12 year Cycling is used for accessing a variety ofdifferent destinations, including educational facilities,shops and places of work, up to a range of around 5miles. Cycling is also undertaken as a leisure activity,often over much longer distances. As well as being amode of transport in its own right, cycling frequentlyforms part of a journey in combination with cars andpublic There is a range of requirements to be met inorder to encourage cycling.

10 These include the provisionof good quality surfaces with appropriate geometry,minimal obstructions, good signing, appropriatecrossing facilities and secure 2/4 Equestrian Using Minor RoadRunning Adjacent to Trunk Horse riding and carriage driving are bothpopular and expanding forms of recreation, carried outby over 3 million people (1999) throughout the Horse riding is undertaken by a range of differentusers, including disabled people, mainly for recreationalpurposes. In particular, equestrian activity often takesplace in the vicinity of pastures, stables, riding schoolsand racecourses. Horse riding routes normally consistof a local circuit of up to 8 miles, often using acombination of major roads, minor roads, bridlewaysand restricted byways as a result of the fragmented rightVolume 5 Section 2 Part 4 TA 91/05 February 2005of way network. Equestrianism is both a rural and Horses are permitted to be ridden on verges, butnot on footways adjacent to roads.