The Global Competitiveness Report 2010–2011

1 In its 30th year, The Global Competitiveness Reportis published against the backdrop ofthe deepest Global economic slowdown in generations. Policymakers find themselvesstruggling to manage new challenges while preparing their economies to perform well ina future characterized by high such a difficult economic environment, it is more important than ever for countries to put into place the fundamentals underpinning growth and development. The GlobalCompetitiveness Reportseries has, for the past three decades, facilitated this process by providing detailed analysis of the productive potential of nations worldwide. TheReportoffers policymakers, business executives, and academics as well as the public at large one of the world s most respected assessments of national Competitiveness ,thus providing invaluable insights into the policies, institutions, and factors that enablerobust economic development and long-term in collaboration with leading academics and a Global network of Partner Institutes,The Global Competitiveness Report 2009 2010offers users a unique dataset on a broadarray of Competitiveness indicators for 133 economies, which together account for morethan 98 percent of the world s GDP.

2 The data used in the Reportcome from leadinginternational sources as well as from the World Economic Forum s annual ExecutiveOpinion Survey, which provides a distinctive source capturing the perceptions of severalthousand business leaders on topics related to national year s edition presents the rankings of the Global Competitiveness Index (GCI),developed by Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martin and originally introduced in 2004. The GCI is based on 12 pillars of Competitiveness , providing a comprehensive picture of the Competitiveness landscape in countries around the world at different stages of economicdevelopment. The Reportalso contains detailed profiles highlighting competitive strengthsand weaknesses for each of the 133 economies featured, as well as an extensive section of data tables displaying relative rankings for more than 100 design: Neil Weinberg Cover art: Getty Images;Getty Images; iStockPhotography.

3 Getty ImagesISBN-13: 978-92-95044-25-8 The Global Competitiveness Report2010 2011 Klaus Schwab, World Economic ForumThe Global Competitiveness Report2010 2011 Schwab The Global Competitiveness Report2010 2011 Professor Xavier Sala-i-MartinColumbia UniversityChief Advisor of the Centre for Global Competitiveness and PerformanceMembers of the Global Competitiveness Report Advisory BoardDr Kemal DervisBrookings InstitutionVice-President and Director, Global Economy and DevelopmentProfessor Ricardo HausmannHarvard UniversityDirector, Center for International Development, John F. Kennedy School of Dr Felipe Larra n Bascu nMinister of Finance of Dr Mari Elka PangestuMinister of Trade of IndonesiaWorld Economic ForumGeneva, Switzerland 2010 Professor Klaus SchwabWorld Economic ForumEditorThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010- 2011 2010 World Economic ForumWorld Economic ForumGenevaCopyright 2010by the World Economic ForumAll rights reserved.

4 No part of this publicationmay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by anymeans, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,or otherwise without the prior permission ofthe World Economic : 978-92-95044-87-6 ISBN-10: 92-95044-87-8 This book is printed on paper suitable forrecycling and made from fully managed andsustained forest and bound in Switzerland by Global Competitiveness Report2010 2011is published by the WorldEconomic Forum within the framework of the Centre for Global Competitiveness andPerformanceProfessor Klaus SchwabExecutive ChairmanProfessor Xavier Sala-i-MartinChief Advisor of the Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and PerformanceRobert GreenhillChief Business OfficerCENTRE FOR Global Competitiveness AND PERFORMANCEJ ennifer Blanke,Director, Lead Economist,Head of the Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and PerformanceMargareta Drzeniek Hanouz,Director,Senior EconomistIrene Mia,Director, Senior EconomistThierry Geiger,Associate Director,EconomistCiara Browne.

5 Associate DirectorPearl Samandari,Community ManagerEva Trujillo Herrera,Research AssistantCarissa Sahli,CoordinatorWe thank Hope Steele for her superb editingwork and Neil Weinberg for his excellentgraphic design and layout. We are grateful toMiriam Poretti for her invaluable terms countryand nationas used in thisreport do not in all cases refer to a territorialentity that is a state as understood by inter-national law and practice. The terms coverwell-defined, geographically self-containedeconomic areas that may not be states butfor which statistical data are maintained on aseparate and independent Global Competitiveness Report 2010- 2011 2010 World Economic ForumContentsPartner InstitutesvPrefacexiby Klaus SchwabPart 1: Measuring The Global Competitiveness Index 2010 2011 : 3 Looking Beyond the Global Economic Crisisby Xavier Sala-i-Martin, Jennifer Blanke, Margareta DrzeniekHanouz, Thierry Geiger, and Irene The Executive Opinion Survey: The Business 57 Executives Insight into their Operating Environmentby Ciara Browne and Thierry GeigerPart 2: Data Country/Economy Profiles69 How to Read the Country/Economy Profiles.

6 71 List of Countries/Economies ..73 Country/Economy Data Tables353 How to Read the Data of Data Tables ..359 Technical Notes and Sources495 About the Authors499 Acknowledgments501 The Global Competitiveness Report 2010- 2011 2010 World Economic ForumThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010- 2011 2010 World Economic ForumThe World Economic Forum s Centre for GlobalCompetitiveness and Performance is pleased toacknowledge and thank the following organizations as its valued Partner Institutes, without which the realization of The Global Competitiveness Report2010 2011 would not have been feasible:AlbaniaInstitute for Contemporary Studies (ISB)Artan Hoxha, PresidentElira Jorgoni, Senior ExpertEndrit Kapaj, Junior ExpertAlgeriaCentre de Recherche en Economie Appliqu e pour le D veloppement (CREAD)Youcef Benabdallah, Assistant ProfessorYassine Ferfera, DirectorAngolaMITC InvestimentosEstefania Jover, Senior AdviserPROPETROL Servi os PetroliferosArnaldo Lago de Carvalho, Managing PartnerSouth Africa-Angola Chamber of Commerce (SA-ACC)

7 Roger Ballard-Tremeer, Hon Chief ExecutiveArgentinaIAE Universidad AustralMar a Elina Gigaglia, Project ManagerEduardo Luis Fracchia, ProfessorArmeniaEconomy and Values Research CenterManuk Hergnyan, ChairmanSevak Hovhannisyan, Board Member and Senior AssociateGohar Malumyan, Research AssociateAustraliaAustralian Industry GroupColleen Dowling, Senior Research CoordinatorNick James, EconomistHeather Ridout, Chief ExecutiveAustriaAustrian Institute of Economic Research (WIFO)Karl Aiginger, DirectorGerhard Schwarz, Coordinator, Survey DepartmentAzerbaijanAzerbaijan Marketing SocietyFuad Aliyev, Project ManagerZaur Veliyev, ConsultantBahrainBahrain Competitiveness Council, Bahrain Economic Development BoardNada Azmi, Manager, Economic Planning and DevelopmentJawad Habib, Senior Partner, BDO Jawad HabibRima Al Kilani, Director, International MarketingBangladeshCentre for Policy Dialogue (CPD)Khondaker Golam Moazzem, Senior Research FellowKazi Mahmudur Rahman, Senior Research AssociateMustafizur Rahman, Executive DirectorBarbadosArthur Lewis Institute for Social and Economic Studies, University of West Indies (UWI)

8 Andrew Downes, DirectorBelgiumVlerick Leuven Gent Management SchoolPriscilla Boairdi, Associate, Competence Centre Entrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyWim Moesen, ProfessorLeo Sleuwaegen, Professor, Competence CentreEntrepreneurship, Governance and StrategyBeninMicro Impacts of Macroeconomic Adjustment Policies (MIMAP) BeninEpiphane Adjovi, Business CoordinatorMaria-Odile Attanasso, Deputy CoordinatorFructueux Deguenonvo, ResearcherBosnia and HerzegovinaMIT Center, School of Economics and Business in Sarajevo,University of SarajevoZlatko Lagumdzija, ProfessorZeljko Sain, Executive DirectorJasmina Selimovic, Assistant DirectorBotswanaBotswana National Productivity CentreLetsogile Batsetswe, Research Consultant and StatisticianParmod Chandna, Acting Executive DirectorPhumzile Thobokwe, Manager, Information and Research Services DepartmentBrazilFunda o Dom CabralMarina Ara jo, Economist and Researcher, The Competitiveness and Innovation CenterCarlos Arruda, Executive Director, International Board andProfessor and Coordinator, The Competitiveness and Innovation CenterArthur Kux.

9 Economist and Research Assistant, The Competitiveness and Innovation CenterMovimento Brasil Competitivo (MBC)Erik Camarano, Director PresidentCec lia Macedo, Economist and Senior Projects CoordinatorNikelma Moura, Communications AssistantBrunei DarussalamMinistry of Industry and Primary ResourcesPehin Dato Yahya Bakar, MinisterDayang Hajah Suriyah Haji Umar, Permanent Secretary IDato Dr Amin Abdullah, Permanent Secretary IIBulgariaCenter for Economic DevelopmentAnelia Damianova, Senior ExpertvPartner InstitutesPartner InstitutesThe Global Competitiveness Report 2010- 2011 2010 World Economic ForumBurkina Fasolnstitut Sup rieure des Sciences de la Population (ISSP), University of OuagadougouSamuel Kabore, Economist and Head of Development Strategy and Population ResearchBurundiUniversity Research Centre for Economic and Social Development (CURDES), National University of BurundiRichard Ndereyahaga, Head of CURDESG ilbert Niyongabo, Dean, Faculty of Economics & ManagementCambodiaEconomic Institute of CambodiaSok Hach, PresidentPoch Kongchheng, ResearcherCameroonComit de Comp titivit ( Competitiveness Committee)

10 Lucien Sanzouango, Permanent SecretaryCanadaInstitute for Competitiveness and ProsperityTamer Azer, ResearcherRoger Martin, Chairman and Dean of the Rotman School of Management, University of TorontoJames Milway, Executive DirectorCape VerdeINOVE RESEARCH Investiga o e Desenvolvimento, LdaRosa Brito, Senior ResearcherJ lio Delgado, Partner and Senior ResearcherFrantz Tavares, Partner and Chief Executive OfficerChadGroupe de Recherches Alternatives et de Monitoring du Projet P trole-Tchad-Cameroun (GRAMP-TC)Antoine Doudjidingao, ResearcherGilbert Maoundonodji, DirectorCeline N nodji Mbaipeur, Programme OfficerChileUniversidad Adolfo Ib ezFernando Larrain Aninat, Director of the Master in Managementand Public Policy, School of GovernmentCamila Chadwick, Project CoordinatorLeonidas Montes, Dean, School of GovernmentChinaInstitute of Economic System and ManagementNational Development and Reform CommissionZhou Haichun, Deputy Director and ProfessorChen Wei, Research FellowDong Ying, ProfessorChina Center for Economic Statistics Research, Tianjin University of Finance and EconomicsLu Dong, ProfessorJian Wang, Associate ProfessorHongye Xiao, ProfessorBojuan Zhao, ProfessorHuazhang Zheng, Associate ProfessorColombiaNational Planning DepartmentAlvaro Edgar Balcazar.