TRNSYS 17 - MIT

1 TRNSYS 17 a TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program Volume 4 Mathematical Reference Solar Energy Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin- TRANSSOLAR Energietechnik GmbH CSTB Centre Scientifique et Technique du B TESS Thermal Energy Systems Specialists TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 2 About This Manual The information presented in this manual is intended to provide a detailed mathematical reference for the Standard Component Library in TRNSYS 16. This manual is not intended to provide detailed reference information about the TRNSYS simulation software and its utility programs. More details can be found in other parts of the TRNSYS documentation set. The latest version of this manual is always available for registered users on the TRNSYS website (see here below). Revision history 2004-09 For TRNSYS 2005-02 For TRNSYS 2006-03 For TRNSYS 2007-03 For TRNSYS 2009-11 For TRNSYS Where to find more information Further information about the program and its availability can be obtained from the TRNSYS website or from the TRNSYS coordinator at the Solar Energy Lab: TRNSYS Coordinator Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC 22 North Carroll Street suite 370 Madison, WI 53703 Email: Phone: +1 (608) 274 2577 Fax: +1 (608) 278 1475 TRNSYS website: Notice This report was prepared as an account of work partially sponsored by the United States Government.

2 Neither the United States or the United States Department of Energy, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or employees, including but not limited to the University of Wisconsin Solar Energy Laboratory, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. 2009 by the Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. This manual and the software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license agreement. Except as permitted by any such license, no part of this manual may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent from the Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

3 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 3 TRNSYS Contributors Klein Beckman Mitchell Duffie Duffie Freeman Mitchell Braun Evans Kummer Urban A. Fiksel Thornton Blair Williams Bradley McDowell M. Kummert Arias Duffy Additional contributors who developed components that have been included in the Standard Library are listed in their respective section. Contributors to the building model (Type 56) and its interface (TRNB uild) are listed in Volume 5. Contributors to the TRNSYS Simulation Studio are listed in Volume 2. TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 4 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. MATHEMATICAL REFERENCE 4 9 Controllers 4 11 Type 2: Differential Controller 4 15 Type 22: Iterative Feedback Controller 4 17 Type 23: PID Controller 4 21 Type 40: Microprocessor Controller 4 26 Type 108: Five Stage Room Thermostat 4 32 Electrical 4 36 Type 47: Shepherd and Hyman Battery Models 4 37 Type 48: Regulator / Inverter 4 42 Type 50: PV-Thermal Collector 4 45 Type 90: Wind Energy Conversion System 4 47 Type 94: Photovoltaic array 4 65 Type 102: DEGS Dispatch controller 4 75 Type 120: Diesel Engine Generator Set 4 77 Type 175: Power conditioning unit 4 81 Type 180: Photovoltaic array (with data file) 4 83 Type 185: Lead-acid battery with gassing effects 4 89 Type 188: AC-busbar 4 95 Type 194: Photovoltaic array 4 97 heat Exchangers 4 106 Type 5.

4 heat exchanger 4 108 Type 17: Waste heat Recovery 4 114 Type 91: Constant effectiveness heat exchanger 4 116 HVAC 4 118 Type 6: Auxiliary heater 4 120 Type 20: Dual Source heat Pump 4 122 Type 32: Simplified Cooling Coil 4 126 Type 42: Conditioning Equipment 4 130 Type 43: Part Load Performance 4 132 Type 51: Cooling Tower 4 134 Type 52: Detailed Cooling Coil 4 141 Type 53: Parallel Chillers 4 149 Type 92: ON/OFF Auxiliary Cooling Device 4 153 Type 107: Single Effect Hot Water Fired Absorption Chiller 4 155 Type 121: Simple Furnace / Air Heater 4 161 Hydrogen Systems 4 163 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 6 Type 100: Electrolyzer controller 4 165 Type 105: Master level controller for SAPS 4 167 Type 160: Advanced Alkaline Electrolyzer 4 171 Type 164: Compressed gas storage 4 177 Type 167: Multistage compressor 4 179 Type 170: Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell 4 181 Type 173: Alkaline Fuel Cell 4 189 Hydronics 4 191 Type 3: Variable Speed Pump or Fan without Humidity Effects 4 193 Type 11: Tee Piece, Flow Diverter, Flow Mixer, Tempering Valve 4 195 Type 13: Pressure Relief Valve 4 199 Type 31: Pipe Or Duct 4 201 Type 110: Variable Speed Pump 4 204 Type 111: Variable Speed Fan/Blower with Humidity Effects 4 206 Type 112: Single Speed Fan/Blower with Humidity Effects 4 208 Type 114: Constant Speed Pump 4 210 Loads and Structures 4 212 Type 12: Energy/(Degree Day) Space Heating or Cooling Load 4 214 Type 18: Pitched Roof and Attic 4 220 Type 19: Detailed Zone (Transfer Function) 4 224 Type 34: Overhang and Wingwall Shading 4 237 Type 35: Window with Variable Insulation 4 241 Type 36.

5 Thermal Storage Wall 4 243 Type 37: Attached Sunspace 4 249 Type 56: Multi-Zone Building and TRNB uild 4 253 Type 88: Lumped Capacitance BuildingType 4 255 Obsolete 4 257 Output 4 259 Type 25: Printer 4 261 Type 27: Histogram plotter 4 263 Type 28: Simulation Summary 4 265 Type 29: Economic analysis 4 272 Type 46: Printegrator (Combined Integrator / Printer) 4 280 Type 65: Online plotter 4 281 Physical Phenomena 4 285 Type 16: Solar Radiation Processor 4 287 Type 30: Collector Array Shading 4 297 Type 33: Psychrometrics 4 301 Type 54: Hourly Weather Data Generator 4 303 Type 58: Refrigerant Properties 4 307 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 7 Type 59: Lumped capacitance model 4 309 Type63: Thermodynamic properties of substances with NASA CEA2 4 310 Type 64: Shading By External Object with Single Shading Mask 4 312 Type 67: Shading By External Object 4 314 Type 68: Shading By External Object 4 324 Type 69: Effective Sky Temperature 4 326 Type 77: Simple Ground Temperature Profile 4 328 Type 80: Calculation of Convective heat Transfer Coefficients 4 330 Solar Thermal Collectors 4 332 Type 1: Flat-plate collector (Quadratic efficiency) 4 334 Type 45: Thermosyphon collector with integral collector storage 4 340 Type71: Evacuated tube solar collector 4 346 Type 72: Performance Map Solar Collector 4 352 Type 73: Theoretical flat-plate collector 4 358 Type 74: Compound Parabolic Concentrating Collector 4 362 Thermal Storage 4 368 Type 4: Stratified Fluid Storage Tank 4 370 Type 10: Rock bed storage 4 376 Type 38: Algebraic tank (Plug-flow) 4 380 Type 39: Variable volume tank 4 386 Type 60: Stratified fluid storage tank with internal heat exchangers 4 390 Utility 4 396 Type 9: Data reader (Generic data files) 4 398 Type14.

6 Time dependent forcing function 4 409 Type 21: Time Values 4 411 Type 24: Quantity integrator 4 413 Type 41: Forcing function sequencer 4 415 Type 55: Periodic integrator 4 417 Type 57: Unit conversion routine 4 421 Type 62: Calling Excel 4 427 Type 66: Calling Engineering Equation Solver (EES) Routines 4 429 Type 70: Parameter replacement 4 433 Type 76: Scope 4 436 Type 81: 1D interpolation from file 4 437 Type 83: Differentiation of a signal 4 438 Type 84: Moving Average 4 440 Type 89: Weather data reader (standard format) 4 442 Type 93: Input value recall 4 444 Type 95: Holiday calculator 4 446 Type 96: Utility rate schedule processor 4 450 Type 97: Calling CONTAM 4 458 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 8 Type 101: Calling FLUENT 4 461 Type 155: Calling Matlab 4 463 Type157: Calling COMIS 4 468 Weather Data Reading and Processing 4 470 Type 15: Weather Data Processor 4 472 Type 109: Combined data reader and solar radiation processor 4 476 Index of components by type number 4 482 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 9 4.

7 MATHEMATICAL REFERENCE This manual provides a detailed reference on each component model (Type) in TRNSYS . The information includes the mathematical basis of the model, as well as other elements that the user should take into consideration when using the model ( data file format, etc.). This guide is organized in 14 component categories that match the upper level directories in the Simulation Studio proformas. Those categories are: Controllers Electrical heat Exchangers HVAC Hydrogen Systems Hydronics Loads and Structures Obsolete Output Physical Phenomena Solar Thermal Collectors Thermal Storage Utility Weather Data Reading and Processing Within the categories, components are organized according to the models implemented in each component. This is different from the Simulation Studio structure, where components are first organized according to the function they perform, then according to the operation modes.

8 An example is the mathematical model known as Type 1 (Solar Collector), which is the first component in the "Solar Thermal collectors" category in this manual. Type 1 is the underlying model for 5 different proformas listed in the "Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency" category in the Simulation Studio. It is very frequent for one Type listed in this manual to be associated with several proformas which correspond to different modes of operation for the component. Users looking for information on which components are included in those categories or which component to use have two sources of information: Each section starts with a short introduction that briefly explains the features of all components in that category Volume 03 of the documentation (Standard component library overview) also has a list of available components (based on the Studio's organization) TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 10 TRNSYS 17 Mathematical Reference 4 11 Controllers There are two basic methods for controlling transient simulations of solar energy systems or components: energy rate control and temperature level control.

9 These two strategies are discussed and compared in the introduction to Section , page 4 212, "Building Loads and Structures". The controllers in this section are designed primarily for implementing temperature level control. Type 2 is most frequently used to control fluid flow through the solar collector loop on the basis of two Input temperatures. However, any system employing differential controllers with hysteresis can use Type 2. Type 8 and Type 108 implement respectively 3-stage and 5-stage room thermostats. Type 40, like the physical components it models, has considerable flexibility and can be used to implement a variety of relatively complex control strategies. Type 22 is a generic (single variable) feedback controller that tracks a setpoint by adjusting a control signal using the TRNSYS iterations. Type 23 has the same purpose but implements the well-known PID (Proportional, Integral and Derivative) algorithm.

10 Temperature level control in TRNSYS relies on a control function, , which is typically constrained to [ min; max]. Two types of temperature level control are commonly used: continuous ( proportional) control and discrete (On/Off) control. In continuous control, can take any value from min to max. Pure proportional control signals can be generated using simple Equations in the Input file or by using Type 23 in "P-only" mode. Type 22 and Type 23 provide continuous control signals. In On/Off control, either = 0 or = 1. Types 2, 8 and 108 produce On/Off control signals. Like real controllers, these controller models use operational hysteresis to promote stability. For example, a heating system may be turned on ( = 1) by a thermostat at a room temperature of 19 C, but not turned off ( = 0) until the room reaches 21 C. In this case the controller has a "dead band" temperature difference ( Tdb) of 2 C.